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The Merchants of Oran: A Jewish Port at the Dawn of Empire (Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture) - Joshua Schreier May 16, 2017 PDF  BOOKS
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The Merchants of Oran: A Jewish Port at the Dawn of Empire (Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture)
Author: Joshua Schreier
Year: May 16, 2017
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 3.8 MB
Language: English



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The Merchants of Oran: A Jewish Port at the Dawn of Empire In "The Merchants of Oran Joshua Schreier masterfully weaves together the history of a Mediterranean port city with the lives of Oran's Jewish mercantile elite during the transition to French colonial rule, offering a unique perspective on the evolution of technology and the need for a personal paradigm to understand the process of developing modern knowledge. Set against the backdrop of the Regency of Algiers and the French invasion of Algeria, this book tells the story of how a diverse and fiercely divided group of Jewish merchants both responded to and influenced French colonialism in Algeria. At the dawn of the 19th century, Jacob Lasry and his cohort established themselves in Oran, taking advantage of the opportunities presented by the Spanish departure and the relative tolerance of the new rulers. The city flourished under their leadership, with Jewish merchants dealing in both imports and exports, contributing significantly to the commercial vitality of the port. However, as the French occupation of Algeria began, the merchants of Oran found themselves subject to increasingly exclusionary policies that would ultimately lead to the creation of a racial hierarchy and the seeds of twentieth-century ruptures between Muslims and Jews in Algeria.
Купцы Орана: Еврейский порт на заре империи в «Торговцы Орана» Джошуа Шрайер мастерски сплетает воедино историю средиземноморского портового города с жизнью еврейской меркантильной элиты Орана в период перехода к французскому колониальному правлению, предлагая уникальный взгляд на эволюцию технологий и необходимость личной парадигмы для понимания процесса развития современных знаний. Эта книга, действие которой происходит на фоне регентства Алжира и французского вторжения в Алжир, рассказывает историю о том, как разнообразная и яростно разделенная группа еврейских торговцев как реагировала, так и влияла на французский колониализм в Алжире. На заре XIX века Якоб Ласри и его когорта утвердились в Оране, пользуясь возможностями, представившимися испанским отъездом и относительной терпимостью новых правителей. Город процветал под их руководством, еврейские купцы занимались как импортом, так и экспортом, внеся значительный вклад в коммерческую жизнеспособность порта. Тем не менее, когда началась французская оккупация Алжира, купцы Орана оказались подвержены все более исключительной политике, которая в конечном итоге приведет к созданию расовой иерархии и семенам разрывов двадцатого века между мусульманами и евреями в Алжире.
Marchands d'Oran : port juif à l'aube de l'empire dans « s Marchands d'Oran » Joshua Schrijer fait le tour de l'histoire de la ville portuaire méditerranéenne avec la vie de l'élite marchande juive d'Oran pendant la transition vers le régime colonial français, offrant une vision unique de l'évolution de la technologie et la nécessité d'un paradigme personnel pour comprendre le processus de développement de la connaissance moderne. Ce livre, qui se déroule dans le contexte de la régence d'Alger et de l'invasion française de l'Algérie, raconte comment un groupe varié et violemment divisé de commerçants juifs a réagi et influencé le colonialisme français en Algérie. À l'aube du XIXe siècle, Jacob ri et sa cohorte se sont établis à Oran, profitant des opportunités offertes par le départ espagnol et la tolérance relative des nouveaux dirigeants. La ville prospérait sous leur direction, les marchands juifs s'occupaient à la fois de l'importation et de l'exportation, contribuant considérablement à la viabilité commerciale du port. Pourtant, lorsque l'occupation française de l'Algérie a commencé, les marchands d'Oran ont été soumis à des politiques de plus en plus exclusives qui finiront par créer une hiérarchie raciale et des graines de rupture du XXe siècle entre musulmans et juifs en Algérie.
Comerciantes de Orán: puerto judío en los albores del imperio en « comerciantes de Orán» Joshua Schreier teje magistralmente la historia de la ciudad portuaria mediterránea con la vida de la élite mercantil judía de Orán durante el período de transición al dominio colonial francés, ofreciendo una visión única de la evolución de la tecnología y la necesidad de un paradigma personal para entender el proceso de desarrollo del conocimiento moderno. Este libro, ambientado en el contexto de la regencia de Argelia y la invasión francesa de Argelia, cuenta la historia de cómo un grupo diverso y ferozmente dividido de comerciantes judíos reaccionó e influyó en el colonialismo francés en Argelia. En los albores del siglo XIX, Jacob ri y su cohorte se establecieron en Orán, aprovechando las oportunidades que presentaba la partida española y la relativa tolerancia de los nuevos gobernantes. La ciudad prosperó bajo su dirección, los comerciantes judíos se dedicaron tanto a la importación como a la exportación, contribuyendo significativamente a la viabilidad comercial del puerto. n embargo, cuando comenzó la ocupación francesa de Argelia, los comerciantes de Orán se vieron expuestos a políticas cada vez más exclusivas que finalmente llevarían a la creación de una jerarquía racial y las semillas de las rupturas del siglo XX entre musulmanes y judíos en Argelia.
Os comerciantes de Oran: O porto judeu no início do império em «Os comerciantes de Oran», Joshua Schreyer, está a combinar com a história da cidade portuária mediterrânea com a vida da elite de mercantilidade judaica de Oran durante a transição para o governo colonial francês, oferecendo uma visão única da evolução tecnológica e a necessidade de um paradigma pessoal para compreender o processo de desenvolvimento do conhecimento moderno. Este livro, ambientado em meio à regência da Argélia e à invasão francesa da Argélia, conta a história de como um grupo diversificado e ferozmente dividido de traficantes judeus reagiu e influenciou o colonialismo francês na Argélia. No início do século XIX, Jacob ri e seus cômodos se estabeleceram em Orã, aproveitando as oportunidades que se apresentaram como a partida espanhola e a relativa tolerância dos novos governantes. A cidade floresceu sob a sua liderança, e os comerciantes judeus se dedicaram tanto à importação quanto à exportação, contribuindo significativamente para a viabilidade comercial do porto. No entanto, quando começou a ocupação francesa da Argélia, os comerciantes de Oran estavam sujeitos a políticas cada vez mais exclusivas, que acabariam criando uma hierarquia racial e sementes de separações do século XX entre muçulmanos e judeus na Argélia.
I mercanti di Oran: Il porto ebraico all'alba dell'impero in «I mercanti di Oran» di Joshua Schreyer ragiona magistralmente sulla storia della città portuale mediterranea con la vita dell'elite ebraica e mercantile di Oran durante il passaggio al regno coloniale francese, offrendo una visione unica dell'evoluzione tecnologica e la necessità di un paradigma personale per comprendere il processo di sviluppo della conoscenza moderna. Questo libro, ambientato sullo sfondo della reggenza algerina e dell'invasione francese dell'Algeria, racconta la storia di come un gruppo di trafficanti ebrei vario e feroci abbia reagito e influenzato il colonialismo francese in Algeria. All'alba del XIX secolo, Jacob ri e i suoi coorti si stabilirono a Oran, sfruttando le opportunità rappresentate dalla partenza spagnola e dalla relativa tolleranza dei nuovi governanti. La città fiorì sotto la loro guida, i mercanti ebrei si occuparono sia di importazioni che di esportazioni, contribuendo notevolmente alla viabilità commerciale del porto. Tuttavia, quando è iniziata l'occupazione francese dell'Algeria, i mercanti di Oran sono stati esposti a politiche sempre più esclusive, che alla fine porteranno alla creazione di gerarchie razziali e semi di lacerazioni del ventesimo secolo tra musulmani ed ebrei in Algeria.
Orans Kaufleute: Der jüdische Hafen zu Beginn des Imperiums in „Orans Kaufleute“ Joshua Schreier verwebt meisterhaft die Geschichte der mediterranen Hafenstadt mit dem ben der jüdischen Handelselite von Oran während des Übergangs zur französischen Kolonialherrschaft und bietet einen einzigartigen Einblick in die Entwicklung der Technologie und die Notwendigkeit eines persönlichen Paradigmas, um den Entwicklungsprozess des modernen Wissens zu verstehen. Dieses Buch, das vor dem Hintergrund der Regentschaft Algeriens und der französischen Invasion Algeriens spielt, erzählt die Geschichte, wie eine vielfältige und heftig gespaltene Gruppe jüdischer Händler sowohl auf den französischen Kolonialismus in Algerien reagierte als auch ihn beeinflusste. Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts etablierten sich Jacob ri und seine Kohorte in Oran und nutzten die Chancen, die sich aus dem spanischen Aufbruch und der relativen Toleranz der neuen Herrscher ergaben. Die Stadt florierte unter ihrer Führung, jüdische Kaufleute waren sowohl im Import als auch im Export tätig und trugen wesentlich zur kommerziellen Vitalität des Hafens bei. Doch als die französische Besetzung Algeriens begann, wurden die Kaufleute von Oran einer zunehmend exklusiven Politik unterworfen, die schließlich zur Schaffung einer Rassenhierarchie und zum Keim der Brüche des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts zwischen Muslimen und Juden in Algerien führen würde.
סוחרים מאוראן: נמל יהודי בשחר האימפריה ג 'ושוע שרייר (Joshua Schreier) שוזר במומחיות את ההיסטוריה של עיר הנמל הים תיכונית עם חייה של האליטה היהודית מרכנתיל במהלך המעבר לשלטון הקולוניאלי הצרפתי, ומציע נקודת מבט ייחודית על התפתחות הטכנולוגיה ועל הצורך בפרדיגמה אישית כדי להבין את תהליך פיתוח הידע המודרני. הספר מנוגד לתפאורת הרקע של העוצרות של אלג 'יריה והפלישה הצרפתית לאלג'יריה, ומספר כיצד קבוצה מגוונת ומפולגת של סוחרים יהודים הגיבו והשפיעו על הקולוניאליזם הצרפתי באלג 'יריה. עם שחר המאה ה ־ 19, התבססו יעקב לסרי וקוהורטה באוראן וניצלו את ההזדמנויות שהציגו העזיבה הספרדית ואת הסובלנות היחסית של השליטים החדשים. העיר פרחה תחת הנהגתם, סוחרים יהודים עסקו הן בייבוא והן בייצוא, ותרמו תרומה משמעותית לכדאיות המסחרית של הנמל. עם זאת, כאשר הכיבוש הצרפתי של אלג 'יריה החל, סוחרי אוראן מצאו עצמם נתונים למדיניות אקסקלוסיבית הולכת וגוברת שבסופו של דבר תיצור היררכיה גזעית''
Oran'ın Tüccarları: İmparatorluğun Şafağında Bir Yahudi Limanı "Oran'ın Tüccarları" Joshua Schreier, Akdeniz liman kentinin tarihini, Fransız sömürge yönetimine geçiş sırasında Oran'ın Yahudi ticaret elitinin yaşamıyla ustalıkla bir araya getirerek, teknolojinin evrimi ve modern bilgiyi geliştirme sürecini anlamak için kişisel bir paradigmaya duyulan ihtiyaç hakkında benzersiz bir bakış açısı sunuyor. Cezayir'in naipliğinin ve Fransızların Cezayir'i işgalinin arka planında yer alan bu kitap, çeşitli ve şiddetli bir şekilde bölünmüş bir Yahudi tüccar grubunun Cezayir'deki Fransız sömürgeciliğine nasıl tepki verdiğini ve etkilediğini anlatıyor. 19. yüzyılın şafağında, Jacob ry ve kohortu, İspanyol ayrılışının sunduğu fırsatlardan ve yeni yöneticilerin göreceli hoşgörüsünden yararlanarak Oran'da kendilerini kurdular. Şehir onların önderliğinde gelişti, Yahudi tüccarlar hem ithalat hem de ihracat yaparak limanın ticari canlılığına önemli katkıda bulundu. Yine de Cezayir'deki Fransız işgali başladığında, Oran tüccarları kendilerini giderek daha fazla dışlayıcı politikalara maruz bıraktılar ve bu da sonunda ırkçı bir hiyerarşi ve Cezayir'deki Müslümanlar ile Yahudiler arasındaki yirminci yüzyıl kopuşlarının tohumlarını yaratacaktı.
تجار وهران: ميناء يهودي عند فجر الإمبراطورية في ينسج «تجار وهران» جوشوا شراير ببراعة تاريخ مدينة البحر الأبيض المتوسط الساحلية مع حياة النخبة التجارية اليهودية في وهران أثناء الانتقال إلى الحكم الاستعماري الفرنسي، مما يقدم منظورًا فريدًا لتطور التكنولوجيا والحاجة إلى نموذج شخصي لفهم عملية تطوير المعرفة الحديثة. يقع هذا الكتاب على خلفية الوصاية الجزائرية والغزو الفرنسي للجزائر، ويحكي قصة كيف تفاعلت مجموعة متنوعة ومنقسمة بشدة من التجار اليهود مع الاستعمار الفرنسي في الجزائر وأثرت عليه. في فجر القرن التاسع عشر، أسس يعقوب لاسري وفريقه أنفسهم في وهران، مستفيدين من الفرص التي أتاحها الرحيل الإسباني والتسامح النسبي للحكام الجدد. ازدهرت المدينة تحت قيادتهم، وشارك التجار اليهود في كل من الواردات والصادرات، مما ساهم بشكل كبير في الجدوى التجارية للميناء. ومع ذلك، عندما بدأ الاحتلال الفرنسي للجزائر، وجد تجار وهران أنفسهم عرضة لسياسات حصرية بشكل متزايد من شأنها أن تخلق في النهاية تسلسلًا هرميًا عرقيًا وبذور تمزقات القرن العشرين بين المسلمين واليهود في الجزائر.
오란의 상인: 제국의 새벽에있는 유대인 항구 "오란의 상인" Joshua Schreier는 프랑스 식민지 통치로 전환하는 동안 오란의 유태인 상인 엘리트의 삶과 지중해 항구 도시의 역사를 완벽하게 짜서 기술의 진화와 개인 패러다임의 필요성에 대한 독특한 관점을 제공합니다. 현대 지식 개발 과정. 알제리의 리젠시와 프랑스의 알제리 침공을 배경으로 한이 책은 다양하고 격렬하게 분열 된 유대인 상인 그룹이 알제리의 프랑스 식민주의에 어떻게 반응하고 영향을 미쳤는지에 대한 이야기를 들려줍니다. 19 세기 초, Jacob ry와 그의 코호트는 스페인의 출발과 새로운 통치자의 상대적 관용을 이용하여 오란에 자리를 잡았습니다. 도시는 그들의 지도력 아래 번성했으며, 유대인 상인들은 수입과 수출에 모두 참여하여 항구의 상업적 생존력에 크게 기여했습니다. 그러나 알제리의 프랑스 점령이 시작되었을 때, 오란 상인들은 점점 더 독점적 인 정책에 종속되어 결국 인종 계층과 알제리의 무슬림과 유대인 사이에 20 세기 파열의 씨앗을 만들게되었습니다.
奧蘭商人:約書亞·施雷爾(Joshua Schreier)在「奧蘭商人」帝國誕生之初的猶太港口,巧妙地將地中海港口城市的歷史與奧蘭的猶太商業精英在過渡到法國殖民統治期間的生活融合在一起,提供了對技術演變的獨特見解以及理解現代知識發展過程的個人範例的必要性。這本書是在阿爾及利亞攝政和法國入侵阿爾及利亞的背景下創作的,講述了一個故事,講述了一群多樣化和分裂的猶太商人如何反應和影響阿爾及利亞的法國殖民主義。在19世紀初,雅各布·拉斯裏(Jacob ri)及其同夥在奧蘭(Oran)建立了自己的據點,抓住了西班牙的離開和新統治者相對寬容的機會。這座城市在他們的領導下蓬勃發展,猶太商人從事進出口業務,為港口的商業可行性做出了重大貢獻。然而,當法國對阿爾及利亞的占領開始時,奧蘭的商人發現自己受到越來越多的排他性政策的影響,最終將導致阿爾及利亞穆斯林和猶太人之間建立種族等級制度和20世紀種子差距。

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