BOOKS - Women and Aristocratic Culture in the Carolingian World
Women and Aristocratic Culture in the Carolingian World - Valerie L. Garver January 1, 2009 PDF  BOOKS
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Women and Aristocratic Culture in the Carolingian World
Author: Valerie L. Garver
Year: January 1, 2009
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.6 MB
Language: English



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Despite the wealth of scholarship in recent decades on medieval women, we still know much less about the experiences of women in the early Middle Ages than we do about those in later centuries. In "Women and Aristocratic Culture in the Carolingian World Valerie L. Garver offers a fresh appraisal of the cultural and social history of eighth and ninth-century women. Examining changes in women's lives and in the ways others perceived women during the early Middle Ages, she shows that lay and religious women, despite their legal and social constrictions, played integral roles in Carolingian society. Garver's innovative book employs an especially wide range of sources, both textual and material, which she uses to construct a more complex and nuanced impression of aristocratic women than we've seen before. She looks at the importance of female beauty and adornment, the family and the construction of identities, education and moral exemplarity, wealth hospitality, and domestic management. Her interdisciplinary approach makes deft use of canons of church councils, chronicles, charters, polyptychs, capitularies, letters, poetry, exegesis, liturgy, inventories, hagiography, memorial books, artworks, archaeological remains, and textiles.
Несмотря на богатство научных знаний в последние десятилетия о средневековых женщинах, мы все еще знаем гораздо меньше об опыте женщин в раннем Средневековье, чем в более поздние века. В книге «Женщины и аристократическая культура в каролингском мире» Валери Л. Гарвер предлагает новую оценку культурной и социальной истории женщин восьмого и девятого веков. Рассматривая изменения в жизни женщин и в том, как другие воспринимали женщин в течение раннего Средневековья, она показывает, что непрофессиональные и религиозные женщины, несмотря на их юридические и социальные ограничения, играли неотъемлемые роли в каролингском обществе. Новаторская книга Гарвер использует особенно широкий спектр источников, как текстовых, так и материальных, которые она использует для построения более сложного и нюансированного впечатления об аристократических женщинах, чем мы видели раньше. Она рассматривает важность женской красоты и украшения, семьи и построения идентичности, образования и морального примера, гостеприимства богатства и домашнего управления. Её междисциплинарный подход ловко использует каноны церковных соборов, хроники, уставы, полиптихи, капитулярии, письма, поэзию, экзегетику, литургию, инвентари, агиографию, памятные книги, произведения искусства, археологические останки и текстиль.
Malgré la richesse des connaissances scientifiques au cours des dernières décennies sur les femmes médiévales, nous en savons encore beaucoup moins sur l'expérience des femmes au début du Moyen Age que dans les siècles ultérieurs. Dans le livre « s femmes et la culture aristocratique dans le monde carolingien », Valerie L. Garver propose une nouvelle évaluation de l'histoire culturelle et sociale des femmes des huitième et neuvième siècles. En examinant les changements dans la vie des femmes et la façon dont les autres perçoivent les femmes au début du Moyen Age, elle montre que les femmes non professionnelles et religieuses, malgré leurs limites juridiques et sociales, ont joué un rôle inaliénable dans la société carolingienne. livre novateur de Garver utilise un éventail particulièrement large de sources, à la fois textuelles et matérielles, qu'il utilise pour construire une impression plus complexe et nuancée des femmes aristocratiques que nous n'avons jamais vu auparavant. Elle examine l'importance de la beauté et de la décoration des femmes, de la famille et de la construction identitaire, de l'éducation et de l'exemple moral, de l'hospitalité de la richesse et de la gestion domestique. Son approche interdisciplinaire utilise habilement les canons des cathédrales, les chroniques, les statuts, les polyptyques, les capitulations, les lettres, la poésie, l'exégèse, la liturgie, les inventaires, l'hagiographie, les livres commémoratifs, les œuvres d'art, les vestiges archéologiques et les textiles.
A pesar de la riqueza del conocimiento científico en las últimas décadas sobre las mujeres medievales, todavía sabemos mucho menos sobre las experiencias de las mujeres en la Edad Media temprana que en siglos posteriores. En el libro «Mujeres y cultura aristocrática en el mundo carolingio», Valerie L. Garver ofrece una nueva valoración de la historia cultural y social de las mujeres de los siglos VIII y IX. Considerando los cambios en la vida de las mujeres y en la forma en que otras percibían a las mujeres durante la Edad Media temprana, muestra que las mujeres no profesionales y religiosas, a pesar de sus limitaciones legales y sociales, desempeñaban papeles inalienables en la sociedad carolingia. libro pionero de Garver utiliza una gama particularmente amplia de fuentes, tanto textuales como materiales, que utiliza para construir una impresión más compleja y matizada de las mujeres aristocráticas de lo que hemos visto antes. Aborda la importancia de la belleza y decoración femenina, la familia y la construcción de la identidad, la educación y el ejemplo moral, la hospitalidad de la riqueza y la gestión doméstica. Su enfoque multidisciplinar utiliza hábilmente los cánones de las catedrales eclesiásticas, crónicas, estatutos, polípticos, capitulares, letras, poesía, exegética, liturgia, inventarios, hagiografía, libros conmemorativos, obras de arte, restos arqueológicos y textiles.
Apesar da riqueza do conhecimento científico nas últimas décadas sobre as mulheres medievais, ainda sabemos muito menos sobre a experiência das mulheres no início da Idade Média do que nos séculos mais recentes. Em «Mulheres e cultura aristocrática no mundo da Carolina», Valerie L. Garver propõe uma nova avaliação da história cultural e social das mulheres dos séculos oitavo e nono. Ao considerar as mudanças na vida das mulheres e a forma como as outras perceberam as mulheres durante a Idade Média, ela mostra que as mulheres não profissionais e religiosas, apesar de suas limitações legais e sociais, desempenharam um papel essencial na sociedade da Carolina. O livro inovador de Garver usa uma gama especialmente ampla de fontes, tanto textuais como materiais, que usa para construir uma impressão mais complexa e nublada sobre mulheres aristocráticas do que já vimos. Ela aborda a importância da beleza feminina e decoração, família e construção de identidade, educação e exemplo moral, hospitalidade da riqueza e gestão doméstica. Sua abordagem interdisciplinar usa com agilidade os cânones das faculdades, crônicas, estatutos, polípticos, capitulações, cartas, poesia, exegética, liturgia, inventários, agiografias, livros memoráveis, obras de arte, restos arqueológicos e têxteis.
Nonostante la ricchezza delle conoscenze scientifiche negli ultimi decenni sulle donne medievali, sappiamo ancora molto meno sull'esperienza delle donne nel primo Medioevo rispetto ai secoli successivi. Nel libro « donne e la cultura aristocratica nel mondo della Carolina», Valerie L. Garver offre una nuova valutazione della storia culturale e sociale delle donne dell'ottavo e nono secolo. Considerando i cambiamenti nella vita delle donne e il modo in cui le altre hanno percepito le donne durante il Medioevo, dimostra che le donne non professionali e religiose, nonostante le loro restrizioni legali e sociali, hanno svolto un ruolo essenziale nella società carolina. Il libro innovativo di Garver utilizza una vasta gamma di fonti, sia testuali che materiali, che utilizza per creare un'esperienza più complessa e sfumata sulle donne aristocratiche di quanto abbiamo visto in passato. Essa considera l'importanza della bellezza femminile e la decorazione, la famiglia e la costruzione di identità, l'istruzione e l'esempio morale, l'ospitalità della ricchezza e la gestione domestica. Il suo approccio interdisciplinare utilizza agevolmente i canoni delle cattedrali, le cronache, gli statuti, i polittici, le capitolazioni, le lettere, la poesia, l'esegetica, la liturgia, gli inventari, l'agiografia, i libri commemorativi, le opere d'arte, i resti archeologici e i tessili.
Trotz der Fülle wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in den letzten Jahrzehnten über mittelalterliche Frauen wissen wir noch viel weniger über die Erfahrungen von Frauen im frühen Mittelalter als in späteren Jahrhunderten. In dem Buch „Frauen und aristokratische Kultur in der karolingischen Welt“ bietet Valerie L. Garver eine neue Einschätzung der Kultur- und Sozialgeschichte der Frauen des achten und neunten Jahrhunderts. Betrachtet man die Veränderungen im ben von Frauen und wie andere Frauen während des frühen Mittelalters wahrnahmen, zeigt sie, dass unprofessionelle und religiöse Frauen trotz ihrer rechtlichen und sozialen Einschränkungen inhärente Rollen in der karolingischen Gesellschaft spielten. Garvers bahnbrechendes Buch verwendet eine besonders breite Palette von Quellen, sowohl textlich als auch materiell, um einen komplexeren und nuancierteren Eindruck von aristokratischen Frauen zu vermitteln, als wir es bisher gesehen haben. e befasst sich mit der Bedeutung der weiblichen Schönheit und Dekoration, der Familie und dem Aufbau von Identität, Bildung und moralischem Beispiel, der Gastfreundschaft des Reichtums und der häuslichen Verwaltung. Ihr interdisziplinärer Ansatz verwendet geschickt die Kanonen der Kirchenräte, Chroniken, Statuten, Polyptychen, Kapitularien, Briefe, Poesie, Exegese, Liturgie, Inventar, Hagiographie, Gedenkbücher, Kunstwerke, archäologische Überreste und Textilien.
למרות שפע הידע המדעי בעשורים האחרונים על נשים מימי הביניים, אנחנו עדיין יודעים הרבה פחות על חוויות של נשים בראשית ימי הביניים מאשר במאות מאוחרות יותר. ב- ”Women and Aristocratic Culture in the Carolingian World”, ואלרי ל 'גארבר מציעה הערכה חדשה על ההיסטוריה התרבותית והחברתית של נשים במאות השמינית והתשיעית. בהתבוננות בשינויים בחייהן של נשים ובאופן שבו נשים אחרות נתפסו במהלך ימי הביניים המוקדמים, היא מראה שנשים דתיות, חרף מגבלותיהן החוקיות והחברתיות, מילאו תפקידים אינטגרליים בחברה הקרולינגית. ספרה פורץ הדרך של גארבר משתמש במגוון רחב במיוחד של מקורות, הן טקסטואליים והן חומריים, בהם היא משתמשת כדי לבנות רושם מורכב ונואטי יותר של נשים אריסטוקרטיות ממה שראינו בעבר. היא רואה בחשיבות היופי והקישוט הנשי, בניית משפחה וזהות, חינוך ודוגמה מוסרית, הכנסת אורחים וניהול בית. גישתה הבין-תחומית משתמשת בקנטונים של קתדרלות כנסייתיות, דברי הימים, צ 'רטרים, פוליפטיצ'ים, ערי בירה, מכתבים, שירה, אקסגטיקה, ליטורגיה, מלאי, ספרי האגיוגרפיה, ספרי הנצחה, יצירות אמנות, שרידים ארכאולוגיים וטקסטיל.''
Ortaçağ kadınları hakkında son on yıllardaki bilimsel bilgi zenginliğine rağmen, Orta Çağ'ın başlarında kadınların deneyimleri hakkında daha sonraki yüzyıllardan çok daha az şey biliyoruz. Valerie L. Garver, "Karolenj Dünyasında Kadın ve Aristokratik Kültür'adlı kitabında, sekizinci ve dokuzuncu yüzyıllarda kadınların kültürel ve sosyal tarihine yeni bir bakış açısı getiriyor. Kadınların yaşamlarındaki değişikliklere ve Orta Çağ'ın başlarında başkalarının kadınları nasıl algıladığına bakarak, yasal ve sosyal sınırlamalarına rağmen, dindar ve dindar kadınların Carolingian toplumunda ayrılmaz bir rol oynadığını gösteriyor. Garver'ın çığır açan kitabı, aristokrat kadınların daha önce gördüğümüzden daha karmaşık ve incelikli bir izlenimini oluşturmak için kullandığı hem metinsel hem de materyal olarak çok çeşitli kaynaklar kullanıyor. Kadın güzelliği ve dekorasyonu, aile ve kimlik inşası, eğitim ve ahlaki örnek, zenginlik ve ev yönetiminin misafirperverliğinin önemini düşünüyor. Disiplinlerarası yaklaşımı, kilise katedralleri, kronikler, tüzükler, poliptikler, kapitüller, mektuplar, şiirler, egzegetik, liturji, envanterler, hagiografi, hatıra kitapları, sanat eserleri, arkeolojik kalıntılar ve tekstillerin kanonlarını ustaca kullanır.
على الرغم من ثراء المعرفة العلمية في العقود الأخيرة حول نساء العصور الوسطى، ما زلنا نعرف القليل عن تجارب النساء في أوائل العصور الوسطى مقارنة بالقرون اللاحقة. في «المرأة والثقافة الأرستقراطية في العالم الكارولنجي»، تقدم فاليري ل. غارفر تقديرًا جديدًا للتاريخ الثقافي والاجتماعي للمرأة في القرنين الثامن والتاسع. بالنظر إلى التغييرات في حياة المرأة وكيف نظر الآخرون إلى النساء خلال العصور الوسطى المبكرة، أظهرت أن النساء العاديات والمتدينات، على الرغم من قيودهن القانونية والاجتماعية، لعبن أدوارًا متكاملة في المجتمع الكارولنجي. يستخدم كتاب جارفر الرائد مجموعة واسعة بشكل خاص من المصادر، سواء النصية أو المادية، والتي تستخدمها لبناء انطباع أكثر تعقيدًا ودقة عن النساء الأرستقراطيات مما رأيناه من قبل. وهي تعتبر أهمية جمال المرأة والديكور، وبناء الأسرة والهوية، والتعليم والمثال الأخلاقي، وكرم ضيافة الثروة وإدارة المنزل. يستخدم نهجها متعدد التخصصات ببراعة شرائع الكاتدرائيات الكنسية، والسجلات، والمواثيق، والكتب المتعددة، والرؤوس، والرسائل، والشعر، وعلم التفسير، والليتورجيا، وقوائم الجرد، والقداسة، والكتب التذكارية، والأعمال الفنية، والبقايا الأثرية، والمنسوجات.
최근 수십 년 동안 중세 여성에 대한 풍부한 과학 지식에도 불구하고, 우리는 여전히 몇 세기 후반보다 중세 초기 여성의 경험에 대해 훨씬 덜 알고 있습니다. "Carolingian 세계의 여성과 귀족 문화" 에서 Valerie L. Garver는 8 세기와 9 세기 여성의 문화 및 사회 역사에 대한 새로운 감사를 제공합니다. 여성의 삶의 변화와 중세 초기에 다른 사람들이 여성을 어떻게 인식했는지를 살펴보면, 평신도와 종교 여성은 법적, 사회적 한계에도 불구하고 Carolingian 사회에서 중요한 역할을했다는 것을 보여줍니다. 가버의 획기적인 책은 텍스트와 자료 모두에서 특히 광범위한 출처를 사용하여 이전보다 귀족 여성에 대한보다 복잡하고 미묘한 인상을 만듭니다. 그녀는 여성의 아름다움과 장식, 가족과 정체성 구축, 교육과 도덕적 예, 부와 가정 관리의 환대의 중요성을 고려합니다. 그녀의 학제 간 접근 방식은 교회 성당, 연대기, 헌장, polyptyches, 수도원, 편지, 시, 주석, 전례, 인벤토리, 조판 학, 기념 서적, 예술 작품, 고고 학적 유적 및 직물의 대포를 능숙하게 사용합니다.
盡管近幾十來對中世紀婦女的科學知識豐富,但與後來的幾個世紀相比,我們對中世紀早期婦女的經歷知之甚少。瓦萊麗·加弗(Valerie L. Garver)在《加洛林世界中的婦女與貴族文化》一書中對八世紀和九世紀婦女的文化和社會歷史進行了新的評估。在回顧中世紀早期婦女生活的變化以及其他人如何看待婦女時,她表明,不專業和宗教的婦女盡管受到法律和社會限制,但在加洛林社會中起著不可或缺的作用。Garver的開創性書籍利用了她用來建立比我們以前看到的更復雜、更細微的貴族女性印象的特別廣泛的文本和物質來源。她考慮了女性美容與裝飾,家庭與身份建設,教育和道德榜樣,財富熱情好客和家庭管理的重要性。她的跨學科方法巧妙地使用了教堂大教堂,編史,章程,息肉,投降,寫作,詩歌,釋經學,禮儀,庫存,傳記,紀念書,藝術品,考古遺跡和紡織品。

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