BOOKS - The American College and the Culture of Aspiration, 1915-1940
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration, 1915-1940 - David O. Levine January 28, 1988 PDF  BOOKS
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The American College and the Culture of Aspiration, 1915-1940
Author: David O. Levine
Year: January 28, 1988
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 32 MB
Language: English



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The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 In the early 20th century, the United States experienced an unprecedented boom in higher education, with an explosion in college enrollments that raised fundamental questions about the role of institutions of learning in society. At the heart of these questions was the debate over whether higher education should be considered a right or a privilege, and who should have access to it. This period saw the emergence of a complex hierarchy of schools, each catering to different needs and desires of students seeking occupational training and socialization. In his book, "The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 David O. Levine delves into the history of higher education during this era, providing a comprehensive understanding of how colleges and universities became the gatekeepers of social and economic mobility. The Rise of Mass Higher Education As more Americans pursued higher education, the need for a broader range of educational opportunities arose. To meet this demand, new types of schools emerged, such as community colleges, technical institutes, and liberal arts colleges. These institutions were designed to provide specialized training and socialization for students from diverse backgrounds, catering to their unique needs and aspirations. The rise of mass higher education created a new kind of student - the "aspiring" student, who sought not only knowledge but also personal growth and self-discovery.
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 В начале XX века в США наблюдался небывалый бум высшего образования, со взрывом зачисления в колледжи, который поднял фундаментальные вопросы о роли институтов обучения в обществе. В основе этих вопросов лежали дебаты о том, следует ли считать высшее образование правом или привилегией, и кто должен иметь к нему доступ. В этот период возникла сложная иерархия школ, каждая из которых отвечала различным потребностям и желаниям учащихся, стремящихся к профессиональной подготовке и социализации. В своей книге «The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940» Дэвид О. Левин углубляется в историю высшего образования в эту эпоху, предоставляя всестороннее понимание того, как колледжи и университеты стали привратниками социальной и экономической мобильности. Рост массового высшего образования Поскольку все больше американцев стремились получить высшее образование, возникла необходимость в более широком спектре образовательных возможностей. Чтобы удовлетворить этот спрос, появились новые типы школ, такие как общественные колледжи, технические институты и колледжи свободных искусств. Эти учреждения были разработаны для обеспечения специализированной подготовки и социализации студентов из разных слоев общества, отвечающих их уникальным потребностям и стремлениям. Подъём массового высшего образования создал новый вид студента - «начинающего» студента, который стремился не только к знаниям, но и к личностному росту и самопознанию.
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 Au début du XXe siècle, les États-Unis ont connu un boom sans précédent de l'enseignement supérieur, avec une explosion des inscriptions dans les collèges qui a soulevé des questions fondamentales sur le rôle des institutions d'apprentissage dans la société. Ces questions étaient fondées sur le débat sur la question de savoir si l'enseignement supérieur devait être considéré comme un droit ou un privilège et qui devait y avoir accès. Au cours de cette période, une hiérarchie complexe d'écoles est apparue, chacune répondant à des besoins et des désirs différents des élèves en quête de formation et de socialisation. Dans son livre The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940, David O. vin se penche sur l'histoire de l'enseignement supérieur à cette époque en fournissant une compréhension complète de la façon dont les collèges et les universités sont devenus les gardiens de la mobilité sociale et économique. Croissance de l'enseignement supérieur de masse Alors que de plus en plus d'Américains cherchaient à obtenir un enseignement supérieur, il est devenu nécessaire d'offrir un plus large éventail de possibilités d'éducation. Pour répondre à cette demande, de nouveaux types d'écoles sont apparus, comme les collèges communautaires, les instituts techniques et les collèges d'arts libéraux. Ces institutions ont été conçues pour fournir une formation spécialisée et une socialisation des étudiants de différents milieux qui répondent à leurs besoins et aspirations uniques. L'émergence de l'enseignement supérieur de masse a créé un nouveau type d'étudiant, un étudiant « débutant », qui cherchait non seulement à la connaissance, mais aussi à la croissance personnelle et à la connaissance de soi.
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 A principios del siglo XX, Estados Unidos experimentó un auge sin precedentes en la educación superior, con una explosión de matrícula universitaria que planteó preguntas fundamentales sobre el papel de las instituciones de aprendizaje en la sociedad. Estas cuestiones se basaron en el debate sobre si la educación superior debía considerarse un derecho o un privilegio, y quién debía tener acceso a ella. Durante este período surgió una compleja jerarquía de escuelas, cada una de las cuales respondía a las diferentes necesidades y deseos de los estudiantes que buscaban formación profesional y socialización. En su libro «The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940», David O. vine profundiza en la historia de la educación superior en esta época, proporcionando una comprensión integral de cómo los colegios y las universidades se han convertido en porteros de la movilidad social y económica. crecimiento de la educación superior masiva A medida que más estadounidenses buscaban obtener educación superior, surgió la necesidad de una gama más amplia de oportunidades educativas. Para satisfacer esta demanda, han surgido nuevos tipos de escuelas, como colegios comunitarios, institutos técnicos y colegios de artes liberales. Estas instituciones han sido diseñadas para proporcionar una formación especializada y socializar a los estudiantes de diferentes sectores de la sociedad que responda a sus necesidades y aspiraciones únicas. auge de la educación superior masiva creó un nuevo tipo de estudiante, un estudiante «principiante» que buscaba no sólo el conocimiento, sino también el crecimiento personal y el conocimiento de sí mismo.
The American College and the Cultura of Aspiration 19151940 No início do século XX, houve um boom no ensino superior nos Estados Unidos, com a explosão da matrícula em faculdades que levantou questões fundamentais sobre o papel das instituições de ensino na sociedade. Essas questões baseiam-se no debate sobre se o ensino superior deveria ser considerado um direito ou um privilégio e quem deveria ter acesso a ele. Durante este período, surgiu uma complexa hierarquia escolar, cada qual atendendo às diferentes necessidades e desejos dos alunos que buscavam a formação profissional e a socialização. Em seu livro «The American College and the Cultura of Aspiration 19151940», David O. vine se aprofundou na história da educação superior nesta era, oferecendo uma compreensão completa de como as faculdades e universidades se tornaram portadoras de mobilidade social e econômica. Uma vez que mais americanos procuravam o ensino superior, havia necessidade de uma gama maior de oportunidades educacionais. Para atender a essa demanda, existem novos tipos de escolas, tais como faculdades públicas, institutos técnicos e faculdades de artes livres. Estas instituições foram concebidas para fornecer formação especializada e socialização a estudantes de diferentes setores da sociedade que atendem às suas necessidades e aspirações únicas. A ascensão da educação superior de massa criou um novo tipo de estudante, um estudante «iniciante», que buscava não apenas o conhecimento, mas também o crescimento pessoal e a auto-consciência.
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 All'inizio del XX secolo negli Stati Uniti c'è stato un boom di istruzione superiore senza precedenti, con l'esplosione dell'iscrizione a college che ha sollevato questioni fondamentali sul ruolo delle istituzioni di formazione nella società. Al centro di queste domande c'è stato il dibattito se l'istruzione superiore debba essere considerata un diritto o un privilegio e chi dovrebbe accedervi. In questo periodo è emersa una complessa gerarchia scolastica, ognuna delle quali ha risposto alle diverse esigenze e ai desideri degli studenti, desiderosi di formazione e socializzazione. Nel suo libro «The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940», David O. vine approfondisce la storia dell'istruzione superiore in questa epoca, fornendo un'ampia comprensione di come college e università siano diventati portatori della mobilità sociale ed economica. La crescita dell'istruzione superiore di massa Poiché sempre più americani aspiravano all'istruzione superiore, è stato necessario un ampio spettro di opportunità educative. Per soddisfare questa domanda, sono emersi nuovi tipi di scuole, come college pubblici, istituti tecnici e scuole di arte libera. Queste istituzioni sono state progettate per fornire formazione specializzata e socializzazione agli studenti provenienti da diversi settori della società che rispondono alle loro esigenze e aspirazioni uniche. L'ascesa dell'istruzione superiore di massa ha creato un nuovo tipo di studente, uno studente «emergente», che cercava non solo la conoscenza, ma anche la crescita e la consapevolezza personale.
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts erlebten die Vereinigten Staaten einen beispiellosen Boom der Hochschulbildung, mit einer Explosion der College-Einschreibung, die grundlegende Fragen über die Rolle der hranstalten in der Gesellschaft aufwarf. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Fragen stand die Debatte darüber, ob Hochschulbildung als Recht oder Privileg betrachtet werden sollte und wer Zugang dazu haben sollte. In dieser Zeit entstand eine komplexe Hierarchie von Schulen, von denen jede den unterschiedlichen Bedürfnissen und Wünschen von Schülern entsprach, die eine berufliche Ausbildung und Sozialisation anstrebten. In seinem Buch „The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940“ geht David O. vine tiefer in die Geschichte der Hochschulbildung in dieser Zeit ein und bietet einen umfassenden Einblick in die Art und Weise, wie Hochschulen und Universitäten zu Torwächtern der sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Mobilität wurden. Der Aufstieg der Mainstream-Hochschulbildung Da immer mehr Amerikaner einen Hochschulabschluss anstrebten, wurde ein breiteres Spektrum an Bildungsmöglichkeiten benötigt. Um dieser Nachfrage gerecht zu werden, sind neue Arten von Schulen wie Community Colleges, technische Institute und Liberal Arts Colleges entstanden. Diese Einrichtungen wurden entwickelt, um Studenten mit unterschiedlichem Hintergrund eine spezialisierte Ausbildung und Sozialisierung zu bieten, die ihren einzigartigen Bedürfnissen und Bestrebungen entspricht. Der Aufstieg der Massenhochschulbildung schuf eine neue Art von Studenten - einen „Anfänger“ -Studenten, der nicht nur nach Wissen, sondern auch nach persönlichem Wachstum und Selbsterkenntnis strebte.
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 בתחילת המאה ה-20, ארצות הברית חוותה בום חסר תקדים בהשכלה הגבוהה, עם פיצוץ בהרשמה לקולג 'שהעלה שאלות מהותיות לגבי תפקידם של מוסדות חינוך בחברה. בלב השאלות הללו התנהל ויכוח בשאלה אם ההשכלה הגבוהה צריכה להיחשב כזכות או כזכות, ולמי צריכה להיות גישה אליה. במהלך תקופה זו, נוצרה היררכיה מורכבת של בתי ספר, שכל אחד מהם עונה על הצרכים והרצונות השונים של תלמידים המחפשים הכשרה וחברה. בספרו ”The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940”, דייוויד לוין מתעמק בהיסטוריה של ההשכלה הגבוהה בתקופה זו, ומספק הבנה מקיפה כיצד המכללות והאוניברסיטאות הפכו לשומרי הסף של הניידות החברתית והכלכלית. עליית ההשכלה הגבוהה המונית ככל שיותר אמריקאים חיפשו השכלה גבוהה, מגוון רחב יותר של הזדמנויות חינוכיות הפכו נחוצים. כדי לענות על דרישה זו, צצו סוגים חדשים של בתי ספר, כגון מכללות קהילתיות, מוסדות טכניים ומכללות לאמנויות ליברליות. מוסדות אלה נועדו לספק הכשרה מיוחדת וחברתיות לתלמידים מרקעים מגוונים העונים על צרכיהם הייחודיים ועל שאיפותיהם. עליית ההשכלה הגבוהה ההמונית יצרה סוג חדש של סטודנט - סטודנט ”טירון” ששאף לא רק לידע, אלא גם לצמיחה אישית וידע עצמי.''
Amerikan Koleji ve Aspirasyon Kültürü 19151940 20. yüzyılın başında, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, yüksek öğretimde benzeri görülmemiş bir patlama yaşadı ve üniversite kayıtlarında, eğitim kurumlarının toplumdaki rolü hakkında temel sorular ortaya çıkaran bir patlama yaşadı. Bu soruların merkezinde, yüksek öğrenimin bir hak mı yoksa bir ayrıcalık olarak mı görülmesi gerektiği ve kimin buna erişimi olması gerektiği konusunda bir tartışma vardı. Bu dönemde, her biri eğitim ve sosyalleşme arayan öğrencilerin farklı ihtiyaçlarını ve isteklerini karşılayan karmaşık bir okul hiyerarşisi ortaya çıktı. David O. vine, "The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940" (Amerikan Koleji ve Aspirasyon Kültürü) adlı kitabında, bu dönemdeki yüksek öğrenim tarihine değiniyor ve kolejlerin ve üniversitelerin sosyal ve ekonomik hareketliliğin bekçileri haline nasıl geldiğine dair kapsamlı bir anlayış sunuyor. Daha fazla Amerikalı yüksek öğrenim aradıkça, daha geniş bir eğitim fırsatı yelpazesi gerekli hale geldi. Bu talebi karşılamak için, topluluk kolejleri, teknik enstitüler ve liberal sanat kolejleri gibi yeni okul türleri ortaya çıktı. Bu kurumlar, benzersiz ihtiyaçlarını ve isteklerini karşılayan farklı geçmişlerden gelen öğrenciler için özel eğitim ve sosyalleşme sağlamak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Kitlesel yüksek öğretimin yükselişi yeni bir öğrenci türü yarattı - sadece bilgi için değil, aynı zamanda kişisel gelişim ve kendini tanıma için de çaba gösteren "acemi'bir öğrenci.
The American College and the Culture of Aspiration 19151940 في بداية القرن العشرين، شهدت الولايات المتحدة طفرة غير مسبوقة في التعليم العالي، مع انفجار في الالتحاق بالكلية أثار تساؤلات أساسية حول دور المؤسسات التعليمية في المجتمع. في صميم هذه الأسئلة كان هناك نقاش حول ما إذا كان ينبغي اعتبار التعليم العالي حقًا أو امتيازًا، ومن يجب أن يكون لديه إمكانية الوصول إليه. خلال هذه الفترة، ظهر تسلسل هرمي معقد للمدارس، تلبي كل منها الاحتياجات والرغبات المختلفة للطلاب الذين يسعون إلى التدريب والتنشئة الاجتماعية. في كتابه «الكلية الأمريكية وثقافة الطموح 19151940»، يتعمق ديفيد أو ليفين في تاريخ التعليم العالي في هذا العصر، مما يوفر فهمًا شاملاً لكيفية تحول الكليات والجامعات إلى حراس للحراك الاجتماعي والاقتصادي. صعود التعليم العالي الجماهيري مع سعي المزيد من الأمريكيين إلى التعليم العالي، أصبح من الضروري توفير نطاق أوسع من الفرص التعليمية. لتلبية هذا الطلب، ظهرت أنواع جديدة من المدارس، مثل كليات المجتمع والمعاهد التقنية وكليات الفنون الحرة. وقد صممت هذه المؤسسات لتوفير التدريب المتخصص والتنشئة الاجتماعية للطلاب من مختلف الخلفيات الذين يلبون احتياجاتهم وتطلعاتهم الفريدة. خلق صعود التعليم العالي الجماهيري نوعًا جديدًا من الطلاب - طالب «مبتدئ» سعى ليس فقط من أجل المعرفة، ولكن أيضًا من أجل النمو الشخصي والمعرفة الذاتية.
미국 대학과 흡인 문화 19151940 년 초, 미국은 전례없는 고등 교육 호황을 경험했으며, 대학 등록이 폭발적으로 증가하여 사회에서 교육 기관의 역할에 대한 근본적인 의문을 제기했습니다. 이러한 질문의 핵심은 고등 교육이 권리 또는 특권으로 간주되어야하는지, 누가 접근 할 수 있는지에 대한 토론이었습니다. 이 기간 동안 훈련과 사회화를 원하는 학생들의 다양한 요구와 욕구를 충족시키는 복잡한 학교 계층이 등장했습니다. David O.는 그의 저서 "The American College and Aspiration of Aspiration 19151940" 에서이 시대의 고등 교육의 역사를 탐구하여 대학이 어떻게 사회 및 경제 이동성의 문지기가되었는지에 대한 포괄적 인 이해를 제공합니다. 더 많은 미국인들이 고등 교육을 모색함에 따라 광범위한 교육 기회가 필요해졌습니다. 이러한 요구를 충족시키기 위해 커뮤니티 칼리지, 기술 연구소 및 교양 대학과 같은 새로운 유형의 학교가 등장했습니다. 이 기관들은 다양한 배경을 가진 학생들이 고유 한 요구와 열망을 충족시키기 위해 전문 교육과 사회화를 제공하도록 설계되 대중 고등 교육의 부상은 새로운 종류의 학생, 즉 지식뿐만 아니라 개인적인 성장과 자기 지식을 위해 노력한 "초보자" 학생을 만들었습니다.
19151940美國學院和高等教育文化在20世紀初見證了前所未有的高等教育繁榮,大學入學人數激增,引發了有關學習機構在社會中的作用的基本問題。這些問題的核心是關於高等教育應被視為一種權利還是一種特權,以及誰應有機會獲得高等教育的辯論。在此期間,出現了復雜的學校等級制度,每個等級制度都滿足尋求職業培訓和社交活動的學生的不同需求和願望。戴維·萊文(David O. vin)在其著作《美國學院與19151940的庇護文化》中深入探討了這個時代的高等教育歷史,全面了解了學院和大學如何成為社會和經濟流動的守門人。隨著越來越多的美國人尋求接受高等教育,需要更多的教育機會。為了滿足這一需求,出現了新型學校,例如社區學院,技術學院和文理學院。這些機構的設計旨在為來自不同背景的學生提供專業培訓和社交,以滿足他們的獨特需求和願望。大眾高等教育的興起創造了一種新型的學生-一個「初學者」的學生,他不僅尋求知識,而且尋求個人成長和自我知識。

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College Admission 101: Simple Answers to Tough Questions about College Admissions and Financial Aid (College Admissions Guides)
American Caste and the Negro College
The Foreign Missionary Enterprise at Home: Explorations in North American Cultural History (Religion and American Culture)