BOOKS - Race?: Debunking a Scientific Myth (Volume 15) (Texas A and M University Anth...
Race?: Debunking a Scientific Myth (Volume 15) (Texas A and M University Anthropology Series) - Ian Tattersall September 1, 2011 PDF  BOOKS
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Race?: Debunking a Scientific Myth (Volume 15) (Texas A and M University Anthropology Series)
Author: Ian Tattersall
Year: September 1, 2011
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.5 MB
Language: English



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The text must be written in a formal tone, avoiding colloquial expressions and slang. Race: Debunking a Scientific Myth Volume 15 Texas A&M University Anthropology Series Introduction: Race, a concept that has been used to justify some of the worst atrocities in human history, has long been considered a valid scientific category. However, according to many biologists, physical anthropologists, and geneticists, there is no scientific basis for the idea of race. In this book, Ian Tattersall and Rob DeSalle, two senior scholars from the American Museum of Natural History, challenge the notion of race and provide a comprehensive understanding of what human races are and are not. They argue that the differences among human populations that are perceived as racial are not only superficial but also of astonishingly recent origin. The Authors' Perspective: Tattersall and DeSalle explain that during the last Ice Age, when Homo sapiens was spreading across the world from an African point of origin, local populations became relatively isolated, leading to the development of differentiated human populations. However, with the reversal of this isolation and interbreeding, all the variety seen outside of Africa seems to have both accumulated and started reintegrating within just the last 50000 or 60000 years, a blink of an eye from an evolutionary perspective. The authors emphasize that these distinctions do not justify the social prejudices and discrimination built upon them.
Текст должен быть написан в формальном тоне, избегая разговорных выражений и сленга. Race: Debunking a Scientific Myth Volume 15 Texas A &M University Anthropology Series Introduction: Race, концепция, которая использовалась для оправдания некоторых из самых страшных злодеяний в истории человечества, долгое время считалась действительной научной категорией. Однако, по мнению многих биологов, физических антропологов и генетиков, у идеи расы нет научной основы. В этой книге Иэн Таттерсолл и Роб ДеСалль, два старших ученых из Американского музея естественной истории, бросают вызов понятию расы и дают всестороннее понимание того, что такое человеческие расы, а что нет. Они утверждают, что различия между человеческими популяциями, которые воспринимаются как расовые, не только поверхностны, но и имеют удивительно недавнее происхождение. The Authors 'Perspective: Tattersall and DeSalle объясняют, что во время последнего ледникового периода, когда Homo sapiens распространялся по всему миру из африканской точки происхождения, местные популяции стали относительно изолированными, что привело к развитию дифференцированных человеческих популяций. Однако с изменением этой изоляции и скрещивания все разнообразие, наблюдаемое за пределами Африки, похоже, накопилось и начало реинтегрироваться всего за последние 50000 или 60000 лет, что является морганием глаза с эволюционной точки зрения. Авторы подчеркивают, что эти различия не оправдывают социальные предрассудки и дискриминацию, основанные на них.
texte doit être écrit dans un ton formel, en évitant les expressions parlées et l'argot. Race : Debunking a Scientific Myth Volume 15 Texas A &M University Anthropology Series Introduction : Race, concept utilisé pour justifier certaines des atrocités les plus terribles de l'histoire de l'humanité, a longtemps été considérée comme une catégorie scientifique valable. Cependant, selon de nombreux biologistes, anthropologues physiques et généticiens, l'idée de race n'a pas de base scientifique. Dans ce livre, Ian Tattersoll et Rob DeSalle, deux scientifiques chevronnés de l'American Museum of Natural History, contestent la notion de race et donnent une compréhension complète de ce qu'est une race humaine et de ce qui ne l'est pas. Ils affirment que les différences entre les populations humaines, perçues comme raciales, sont non seulement superficielles, mais aussi d'origine étonnamment récente. La perspective des auteurs : Tattersall et DeSalle expliquent qu'au cours de la dernière période glaciaire où Homo sapiens s'est répandue dans le monde à partir d'un point d'origine africain, les populations locales sont devenues relativement isolées, ce qui a conduit au développement de populations humaines différenciées. Cependant, avec le changement de cet isolement et de ce croisement, toute la diversité observée en dehors de l'Afrique semble s'être accumulée et a commencé à se réintégrer au cours des dernières 50000 ou 60000 années, ce qui est un clignement des yeux d'un point de vue évolutionnaire. s auteurs soulignent que ces différences ne justifient pas les préjugés sociaux et la discrimination qui en découlent.
texto debe ser escrito en un tono formal, evitando las expresiones habladas y el argot. Carrera: Debunking a Ciencia Myth Volume 15 Texas A &M University Anthropology Series Introduction: Race, un concepto que se utilizó para justificar algunas de las peores atrocidades en la historia de la humanidad, ha sido considerada una categoría científica válida durante mucho tiempo n embargo, según muchos biólogos, antropólogos físicos y genetistas, la idea de raza no tiene base científica. En este libro, Ian Tattersall y Rob DeSalle, dos científicos mayores del Museo Americano de Historia Natural, desafían el concepto de raza y dan una comprensión integral de lo que son las razas humanas y lo que no. Afirman que las diferencias entre las poblaciones humanas que se perciben como raciales no solo son superficiales, sino que tienen un origen sorprendentemente reciente. The Authors 'Perspectiva: Tatuaje y DeSalle explican que durante la última Edad de Hielo, cuando el Homo sapiens se extendió por todo el mundo desde el punto de origen africano, las poblaciones locales se volvieron relativamente aisladas, lo que llevó al desarrollo de poblaciones humanas diferenciadas. n embargo, con el cambio de este aislamiento y cruce, toda la diversidad observada fuera de África parece haberse acumulado y comenzado a reintegrarse en apenas los últimos 50000 o 60000 , lo que supone un parpadeo del ojo desde el punto de vista evolutivo. autores subrayan que estas diferencias no justifican los prejuicios sociales y la discriminación basada en ellos.
O texto deve ser escrito em tom formal, evitando expressões faladas e xisto. Race: Debunking a Scientic Myth Volume 15 Texas A &M University Antropology Series: Race, conceito usado para justificar algumas das piores atrocidades da história humana, foi considerado uma categoria científica válida durante muito tempo. No entanto, muitos biólogos, antropólogos físicos e geneticistas acreditam que a ideia da raça não tem base científica. Neste livro, Ian Tattersall e Rob DeSall, dois cientistas seniores do Museu Americano de História Natural, desafiam o conceito de raça e dão uma compreensão completa do que são ou não raças humanas. Eles afirmam que as diferenças entre as populações humanas que são vistas como raciais não são apenas superficiais, mas também são de origem surpreendentemente recente. The Athors 'Perctive: Stratersall and DeSalle explicam que durante a última era glacial, quando o Homo sapiens se espalhou pelo mundo a partir do ponto de origem africana, as populações locais ficaram relativamente isoladas, o que levou ao desenvolvimento de populações humanas diferenciadas. No entanto, com a mudança deste isolamento e cruzamento, toda a diversidade observada fora da África parece ter se acumulado e começado a reinserir-se nos últimos 50000 ou 60000 anos, o que é um piscar de olhos do ponto de vista evolutivo. Os autores destacam que estas diferenças não justificam o preconceito social e a discriminação baseada nele.
Il testo deve essere scritto in tono formale, evitando espressioni parlate e slang. Race: Debunking a Scientific Myth Volume 15 Texas A &M University Antropology Series Introduction: Race, un concetto usato per giustificare alcune delle peggiori atrocità della storia umana, è stata considerata per molto tempo una vera categoria scientifica. Tuttavia, secondo molti biologi, antropologi fisici e genetisti, l'idea della razza non ha una base scientifica. In questo libro Ian Tuttersall e Rob DeSall, due senior studiosi del Museo Americano di Storia Naturale, sfidano il concetto di razza e forniscono una piena comprensione di ciò che sono e non sono le razze umane. Sostengono che le differenze tra le popolazioni umane, considerate razziali, non solo sono superficiali, ma hanno anche origini sorprendentemente recenti. The Author'Persona: Tattersall and DeSalle spiegano che durante l'ultima era glaciale, quando l'Homo sapiens si diffondeva in tutto il mondo da un punto di origine africana, le popolazioni locali sono diventate relativamente isolate, portando allo sviluppo di popolazioni umane differenziate. Ma con il cambiamento di questo isolamento e di questo incrocio, tutta la diversità osservata al di fuori dell'Africa sembra essersi accumulata e aver iniziato a reinserirsi in soli 50000 o 60000 anni, un battito d'occhio dal punto di vista evolutivo. Gli autori sottolineano che queste differenze non giustificano pregiudizi sociali e discriminazioni basate su di essi.
Der Text muss in einem formalen Ton geschrieben sein, wobei umgangssprachliche Ausdrücke und Slang zu vermeiden sind. Race: Debunking a Scientific Myth Volume 15 Texas A &M University Anthropology Series Einleitung: Race, ein Konzept, das verwendet wurde, um einige der schlimmsten Gräueltaten in der Geschichte der Menschheit zu rechtfertigen, wurde lange als gültige wissenschaftliche Kategorie angesehen. Nach Ansicht vieler Biologen, physikalischer Anthropologen und Genetiker hat die Idee der Rasse jedoch keine wissenschaftliche Grundlage. In diesem Buch fordern Ian Tattersall und Rob DeSall, zwei leitende Wissenschaftler des American Museum of Natural History, den Begriff der Rasse heraus und geben ein umfassendes Verständnis davon, was menschliche Rassen sind und was nicht. e argumentieren, dass die Unterschiede zwischen den menschlichen Populationen, die als rassisch wahrgenommen werden, nicht nur oberflächlich sind, sondern auch überraschend neuen Ursprungs sind. Die Autoren 'Perspektive: Tattersall und DeSalle erklären, dass während der letzten Eiszeit, als sich der Homo sapiens vom afrikanischen Ursprungspunkt aus auf der ganzen Welt ausbreitete, die lokalen Populationen relativ isoliert wurden, was zur Entwicklung differenzierter menschlicher Populationen führte. Mit der Veränderung dieser Isolation und Kreuzung scheint sich jedoch die gesamte Vielfalt, die außerhalb Afrikas beobachtet wurde, angesammelt zu haben und begann sich in den letzten 50.000 oder 60.000 Jahren wieder zu integrieren, was aus evolutionärer cht ein Augenzwinkern ist. Die Autoren betonen, dass diese Unterschiede soziale Vorurteile und die darauf basierende Diskriminierung nicht rechtfertigen.
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Metin, konuşma dilindeki ifadelerden ve argodan kaçınarak resmi bir tonda yazılmalıdır. Irk: Bilimsel Bir Efsaneyi Çürütmek Cilt 15 Texas A &M Üniversitesi Antropoloji Dizisi Giriş: İnsanlık tarihindeki en kötü zulümlerden bazılarını haklı çıkarmak için kullanılan bir kavram olan ırk, uzun zamandır geçerli bir bilimsel kategori olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, birçok biyolog, fiziksel antropolog ve genetikçiye göre, ırk fikrinin bilimsel bir temeli yoktur. Bu kitapta, Amerikan Doğa Tarihi Müzesi'ndeki iki kıdemli bilim adamı olan Ian Tattersall ve Rob DeSalle, ırk kavramına meydan okuyor ve insan ırklarının ne olduğu ve ne olmadığı hakkında kapsamlı bir anlayış sağlıyor. Irksal olarak algılanan insan popülasyonları arasındaki farklılıkların sadece yüzeysel değil, şaşırtıcı derecede yeni kökenleri olduğunu savunuyorlar. Yazarların Bakış Açısı: Tattersall ve DeSalle, son buzul çağında, Homo sapiens'in dünyaya Afrika kökenli bir noktadan yayıldığı zaman, yerel popülasyonların nispeten izole hale geldiğini ve farklılaşmış insan popülasyonlarının gelişmesine yol açtığını açıklıyor. Bununla birlikte, bu izolasyondaki ve melezleşmedeki değişimle birlikte, Afrika dışında görülen tüm çeşitlilik, evrimsel bir bakış açısıyla göz kırpması olan son 50.000 veya 60.000 yıl içinde birikmiş ve yeniden bütünleşmeye başlamış gibi görünüyor. Yazarlar, bu farklılıkların toplumsal önyargıyı ve bunlara dayalı ayrımcılığı haklı çıkarmadığını vurgulamaktadır.
ينبغي كتابة النص بلهجة رسمية، مع تجنب التعابير العامية واللغة العامية. العرق: فضح الأسطورة العلمية المجلد 15 من سلسلة الأنثروبولوجيا بجامعة تكساس إيه آند إم: العرق، وهو مفهوم تم استخدامه لتبرير بعض أسوأ الفظائع في تاريخ البشرية، لطالما اعتبر فئة علمية صالحة. ومع ذلك، وفقًا للعديد من علماء الأحياء وعلماء الأنثروبولوجيا الفيزيائية وعلماء الوراثة، فإن فكرة العرق ليس لها أساس علمي. في هذا الكتاب، يتحدى إيان تاترسال وروب ديسال، وهما عالمان بارزان في المتحف الأمريكي للتاريخ الطبيعي، فكرة العرق ويوفران فهمًا شاملاً لما هي الأجناس البشرية وما هي ليست كذلك. يجادلون بأن الاختلافات بين السكان البشريين الذين يُنظر إليهم على أنهم عرقيون ليست سطحية فحسب، بل لها أصول حديثة بشكل مدهش. يوضح منظور المؤلفين: Tattersall و DeSalle أنه خلال العصر الجليدي الأخير، عندما انتشر الإنسان العاقل في جميع أنحاء العالم من نقطة منشأ أفريقية، أصبح السكان المحليون معزولين نسبيًا، مما أدى إلى تطور مجموعات بشرية متباينة. ومع ذلك، مع التغيير في هذه العزلة والتزاوج، يبدو أن كل التنوع الذي شوهد خارج إفريقيا قد تراكم وبدأ في إعادة الاندماج في آخر 50000 أو 60.000 عام فقط، وهو ما يمثل غمضة عين من منظور تطوري. ويشدد صاحبا البلاغ على أن هذه الاختلافات لا تبرر التحيز الاجتماعي والتمييز القائم عليهما.

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