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The Body Economic: Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel - Catherine Gallagher November 21, 2005 PDF  BOOKS
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The Body Economic: Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel
Author: Catherine Gallagher
Year: November 21, 2005
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 6.3 MB
Language: English



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The Body Economic Life Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel In her groundbreaking book, The Body Economic: Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel, Catherine Gallagher challenges the traditional view of political economy as a cold, mechanistic discipline that prioritizes reason over emotion and rationality over intuition. Instead, she argues that political economists and their Romantic and early Victorian critics shared many common assumptions about the nature of value and the role of the body in economic theory. This shared understanding of value, rooted in organic and life processes, placed the body and its sensations at the center of their theories, shaping the intellectual world that nurtured both George Eliot's realism and turn-of-the-century literary modernism. Gallagher begins by demonstrating that classical political economy was not simply a mechanical ideology, but rather a form of nineteenth-century organicism that saw the body as an integral part of the economic process. She shows how this perspective on value was shared by both political economists and their critics, including Romantics such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who rejected the idea that economic activity should be reduced to a set of abstract, rational principles. Instead, they believed that economic decisions were deeply rooted in human experience and emotion, and that the body played a crucial role in determining the value of goods and services.
The Body Economic Life Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel В своей новаторской книге The Body Economic: Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel Кэтрин Галлахер бросает вызов традиционному взгляду на политическую экономию как на холодную механистическую дисциплину, которая отдает приоритет разуму над эмоциями и рациональностью над интуицией. Вместо этого она утверждает, что политические экономисты и их романтические и ранние викторианские критики разделяли множество общих предположений о природе ценности и роли тела в экономической теории. Это общее понимание ценности, коренящееся в органических и жизненных процессах, поставило тело и его ощущения в центр их теорий, формируя интеллектуальный мир, который питал как реализм Джорджа Элиота, так и литературный модернизм рубежа веков. Галлахер начинает с демонстрации того, что классическая политическая экономия была не просто механической идеологией, а скорее формой органицизма девятнадцатого века, который рассматривал тело как неотъемлемую часть экономического процесса. Она показывает, как эту точку зрения на стоимость разделяли как политические экономисты, так и их критики, включая романтиков, таких как Уильям Вордсворт и Сэмюэл Тейлор Кольридж, которые отвергли идею о том, что экономическая активность должна быть сведена к набору абстрактных, рациональных принципов. Вместо этого они полагали, что экономические решения глубоко коренятся в человеческом опыте и эмоциях, и что тело играет решающую роль в определении стоимости товаров и услуг.
The Body Economic Life Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victoria Novel Dans son livre novateur The Body Economic : Life, Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victoria Novel Kathryn Gallagher récuse la vision traditionnelle de l'économie politique comme une discipline mécanique froide qui privilégie la raison sur l'émotion et la rationalité sur l'intuition. Au lieu de cela, elle affirme que les économistes politiques et leurs critiques romantiques et victoriennes primitives partageaient de nombreuses hypothèses générales sur la nature de la valeur et le rôle du corps dans la théorie économique. Cette compréhension commune de la valeur, enracinée dans les processus organiques et de vie, a placé le corps et ses sensations au centre de leurs théories, formant un monde intellectuel qui a nourri à la fois le réalisme de George Eliot et le modernisme littéraire du début du siècle. Gallagher commence par démontrer que l'économie politique classique n'était pas seulement une idéologie mécanique, mais plutôt une forme d'organicisme du XIXe siècle qui considérait le corps comme une partie intégrante du processus économique. Elle montre comment ce point de vue sur le coût a été partagé par les économistes politiques et leurs critiques, y compris les romantiques comme William Wordsworth et Samuel Taylor Coleridge, qui ont rejeté l'idée que l'activité économique devait être réduite à un ensemble de principes abstraits et rationnels. Au lieu de cela, ils pensaient que les décisions économiques étaient profondément enracinées dans l'expérience et les émotions humaines, et que le corps jouait un rôle crucial dans la détermination de la valeur des biens et des services.
The Body Economic Life Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel En su libro pionero The Body Economic: Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economía y la novela victoriana Catherine Gallagher desafía la visión tradicional de la economía política como una fría disciplina mecanicista que prioriza la razón sobre la emoción y la racionalidad sobre la intuición. En cambio, sostiene que los economistas políticos y sus críticos románticos y victorianos primitivos compartían muchas suposiciones generales sobre la naturaleza del valor y el papel del cuerpo en la teoría económica. Esta comprensión común del valor, arraigada en los procesos orgánicos y vitales, puso al cuerpo y sus sensaciones en el centro de sus teorías, formando un mundo intelectual que nutría tanto el realismo de George Eliot como el modernismo literario del cambio de siglo. Gallagher comienza demostrando que la economía política clásica no era simplemente una ideología mecánica, sino más bien una forma de organismo decimonónico que veía el cuerpo como parte integral del proceso económico. Muestra cómo este punto de vista sobre el costo fue compartido tanto por los economistas políticos como por sus críticos, incluyendo románticos como William Wordsworth y Samuel Taylor Coleridge, quienes rechazaron la idea de que la actividad económica debería reducirse a un conjunto de principios abstractos y racionales. En cambio, creían que las decisiones económicas estaban profundamente arraigadas en la experiencia y las emociones humanas, y que el cuerpo desempeñaba un papel crucial en la determinación del valor de los bienes y servicios.
The Body Economic Life Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Vittorian Novel Nel suo libro innovativo The Body Economic, Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel Katherine Galt il lager sfida la tradizionale visione dell'economia politica come una fredda disciplina meccanica che dà la priorità alla mente sulle emozioni e alla razionalità sull'intuito. Invece sostiene che gli economisti politici e i loro critici romantici e precoci vittoriani condividevano molti presupposti comuni sulla natura del valore e del ruolo del corpo nella teoria economica. Questa comprensione comune del valore, ambientata nei processi organici e vitali, ha messo il corpo e le sue sensazioni al centro delle loro teorie, formando un mondo intellettuale che nutriva sia il realismo di George Eliot che il modernismo letterario del confine dei secoli. Gallagher inizia dimostrando che l'economia politica classica non era solo un'ideologia meccanica, ma piuttosto una forma di organismo del Novecento, che vedeva il corpo come parte integrante del processo economico. Mostra come sia gli economisti politici che i loro critici, compresi i romantici come William Wordsworth e Samuel Taylor Colridge, abbiano condiviso questo punto di vista sui costi, che hanno respinto l'idea che l'attività economica debba essere ridotta a un insieme di principi astratti e razionali. Invece, credevano che le decisioni economiche fossero radicate profondamente nell'esperienza umana e nelle emozioni, e che il corpo svolgesse un ruolo cruciale nella determinazione del valore dei beni e dei servizi.
Der Körper Wirtschaft ben Tod und Sensation in der politischen Wirtschaft und der Victorian Novel In ihrem bahnbrechenden Buch Der Körper Wirtschaft: ben, Tod und Sensation in der politischen Wirtschaft und der Victorian Novel fordert Catherine Gallagher heraus die traditionelle cht der politischen Ökonomie als kalte mechanistische Disziplin, die Vernunft über Emotion und Rationalität über Intuition stellt. Stattdessen argumentiert sie, dass politische Ökonomen und ihre romantischen und frühen viktorianischen Kritiker viele gemeinsame Annahmen über die Natur des Wertes und die Rolle des Körpers in der Wirtschaftstheorie teilten. Dieses gemeinsame Wertverständnis, das in organischen und bensprozessen verwurzelt ist, stellte den Körper und seine Empfindungen in den Mittelpunkt ihrer Theorien und prägte eine intellektuelle Welt, die sowohl George Eliots Realismus als auch die literarische Moderne der Jahrhundertwende nährte. Gallagher beginnt mit der Demonstration, dass die klassische politische Ökonomie nicht nur eine mechanische Ideologie war, sondern vielmehr eine Form des Organismus des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, der den Körper als integralen Bestandteil des wirtschaftlichen Prozesses betrachtete. Es zeigt, wie diese cht der Kosten sowohl von politischen Ökonomen als auch von ihren Kritikern geteilt wurde, darunter Romantiker wie William Wordsworth und Samuel Taylor Coleridge, die die Idee ablehnten, dass Wirtschaftstätigkeit auf eine Reihe abstrakter, rationaler Prinzipien reduziert werden sollte. Stattdessen glaubten sie, dass wirtschaftliche Entscheidungen tief in menschlichen Erfahrungen und Emotionen verwurzelt sind und dass der Körper eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bestimmung des Wertes von Waren und Dienstleistungen spielt.
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The Body Economic Life Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel (Politik Ekonomide Beden Ekonomisi: Yaşam, Ölüm ve Duyum) adlı çığır açan kitabında Catherine Gallagher, politik ekonominin geleneksel görüşüne, duygu yerine aklı, sezgi yerine rasyonelliği önceleyen soğuk mekanik bir disiplin olarak meydan okuyor. Bunun yerine, politik ekonomistlerin ve onların Romantik ve erken Viktorya dönemi eleştirmenlerinin, değerin doğası ve vücudun ekonomi teorisindeki rolü hakkında birçok ortak varsayımı paylaştığını savunuyor. Organik ve yaşam süreçlerine dayanan bu ortak değer anlayışı, bedeni ve duyumlarını teorilerinin merkezine yerleştirdi ve hem George Eliot'un gerçekçiliğini hem de yüzyılın başındaki edebi modernizmi besleyen entelektüel bir dünyayı şekillendirdi. Gallagher, klasik politik ekonominin sadece mekanik bir ideoloji değil, vücudu ekonomik sürecin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak gören on dokuzuncu yüzyıl organizminin bir biçimi olduğunu göstererek başlar. Bu maliyet görüşünün, ekonomik faaliyetin bir dizi soyut, rasyonel ilkeye indirgenmesi gerektiği fikrini reddeden William Wordsworth ve Samuel Taylor Coleridge gibi romantikler de dahil olmak üzere hem politik ekonomistler hem de eleştirmenleri tarafından nasıl paylaşıldığını gösteriyor. Bunun yerine, ekonomik kararların insan deneyimine ve duygusuna derinden dayandığına ve vücudun mal ve hizmetlerin değerini belirlemede çok önemli bir rol oynadığına inanıyorlardı.
The Body Economic Life Death and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Never في كتابها الرائد The Body Economic: Life, Death and Sensation in in the VIcternoperian، تتحدى كاثرين غالاالنظرة تقليدية للاقتصاد الاقتصاد السياسي يعطي الأولوية للسبب على العاطفة والعقلانية على الحدس. بدلاً من ذلك، تجادل بأن الاقتصاديين السياسيين ونقادهم الرومانسيين وأوائل العصر الفيكتوري شاركوا العديد من الافتراضات الشائعة حول طبيعة القيمة ودور الجسد في النظرية الاقتصادية. وضع هذا الفهم المشترك للقيمة، المتجذر في العمليات العضوية والحياتية، الجسم وأحاسيسه في قلب نظرياتهم، وشكل عالمًا فكريًا غذى واقعية جورج إليوت والحداثة الأدبية في مطلع القرن. يبدأ غالاغر بإثبات أن الاقتصاد السياسي الكلاسيكي لم يكن مجرد أيديولوجية ميكانيكية، بل كان شكلاً من أشكال الكائنات الحية في القرن التاسع عشر التي اعتبرت الجسم جزءًا لا يتجزأ من العملية الاقتصادية. وهي توضح كيف شارك الاقتصاديون السياسيون ومنتقدوهم هذه النظرة إلى التكلفة، بما في ذلك الرومانسيون مثل ويليام وردزورث وصمويل تايلور كوليريدج، الذين رفضوا فكرة أن النشاط الاقتصادي يجب اختزاله إلى مجموعة من المبادئ المجردة والعقلانية. وبدلا من ذلك، كانوا يعتقدون أن القرارات الاقتصادية متجذرة بعمق في التجربة الإنسانية والعاطفة، وأن الهيئة تلعب دورا حاسما في تحديد قيمة السلع والخدمات.

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