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The Sumerians: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Mesopotamian Empire that Established Civilization - Charles River Editors March 9, 2015 PDF  BOOKS
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The Sumerians: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Mesopotamian Empire that Established Civilization
Author: Charles River Editors
Year: March 9, 2015
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.5 MB
Language: English



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The Sumerians: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Mesopotamian Empire that Established Civilization Introduction * The Sumerians were the first known civilized people in the world, establishing the oldest civilization in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) over 45000 years ago. * Their contributions to human history are immeasurable, including the invention of writing, libraries, cities, schools, and the Epic of Gilgamesh - one of the earliest surviving works of literature. * Despite their significant achievements, the Sumerians are often overlooked in favor of more prominent civilizations like the Babylonians and Assyrians. Chapter 1: The Rise of Sumerian Civilization * The Sumerians emerged as a distinct culture around 45000 BCE, in the region of Mesopotamia (the land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates). * They developed a complex system of government, religion, and social hierarchy, which laid the foundation for modern civilization.
Шумеры: История и наследие древней Месопотамской империи, установившей цивилизацию Введение * Шумеры были первыми известными цивилизованными людьми в мире, основавшими древнейшую цивилизацию в Месопотамии (современный Ирак) более 45000 лет назад. * Их вклад в человеческую историю неизмерим, включая изобретение письменности, библиотек, городов, школ и Эпоса о Гильгамеше - одного из самых ранних сохранившихся произведений литературы. * Несмотря на их значительные достижения, шумеры часто упускаются из виду в пользу более выдающихся цивилизаций, таких как вавилоняне и ассирийцы. Глава 1: Расцвет шумерской цивилизации * Шумеры возникли как отдельная культура около 45000 г. до н. э. в регионе Месопотамии (земля между реками Тигр и Евфрат). * Они разработали сложную систему управления, религии и социальной иерархии, которая положила начало современной цивилизации.
Sumères : L'histoire et l'héritage de l'ancien Empire mésopotamien qui a établi la civilisation Introduction * s Sumères ont été les premiers civilisés connus dans le monde à fonder la plus ancienne civilisation en Mésopotamie Il y a plus de 45000 ans, leur contribution à l'histoire humaine est incommensurable, y compris l'invention de l'écriture, des bibliothèques, des villes, des écoles et de l'épopée de Gilgamesh, l'une des premières œuvres de littérature conservées. Chapitre 1 : L'épanouissement de la civilisation sumérienne * s Sumériens sont apparus comme une culture distincte vers 45000 av. J.-C. dans la région de la Mésopotamie (la terre entre les rivières Tigre et Euphrate). * Ils ont développé un système complexe de gouvernance, de religion et de hiérarchie sociale qui a marqué le début de la civilisation moderne.
Sumerios: Historia y legado del antiguo Imperio mesopotámico que estableció la civilización Introducción * sumerios fueron los primeros hombres civilizados conocidos en el mundo que fundaron la civilización más antigua de Mesopotamia (actual Irak) hace más de 45.000 . * Su contribución a la historia humana es inconmensurable, incluyendo la invención de la escritura, bibliotecas, ciudades, escuelas y la Epopeya de Gilgamesh - una de las primeras obras de literatura sobrevivientes. * A pesar de sus logros significativos, los sumerios a menudo pasan por alto en favor de civilizaciones más prominentes como los babilonios y los asirios. Capítulo 1: Florecimiento de la civilización sumeria * sumerios surgieron como una cultura separada alrededor del 45000 a. C. en la región de Mesopotamia (tierra entre los ríos Tigris y Éufrates). * Desarrollaron un complejo sistema de gobierno, religión y jerarquía social que marcó el comienzo de la civilización moderna.
Schumer: La storia e l'eredità dell'antico impero mesopotamico che stabilì la civiltà. Il loro contributo alla storia umana è incalcolabile, tra cui l'invenzione della scrittura, delle biblioteche, delle città, delle scuole e dell'Epico di Gilgamesh, una delle prime opere di letteratura conservate. Capitolo 1: Il fiorire della civiltà sumera * Schumer è nato come una cultura separata intorno al 45000 a.C. nella regione della Mesopotamia (la terra tra i fiumi Tigre ed Eufrate).
Sumerer: Geschichte und Erbe des alten mesopotamischen Reiches, das die Zivilisation begründete Einleitung * Die Sumerer waren die ersten bekannten zivilisierten Menschen in der Welt, die die älteste Zivilisation in Mesopotamien gründeten. (Moderner Irak) mehr 45000 Jahre rückwärts. * Ihr Beitrag an die menschliche Geschichte neismerim, einschließlich die Erfindung der Schriftsprache, der Bibliotheken, der Städte, der Schulen und des Epos über Gilgamesche - einen der frühsten erhalten bleibenden literarischen Werke. * ungeachtet ihrer bedeutenden Errungenschaften, werden die Sumer außer cht zugunsten der mehr hervorragenden Zivilisationen, solcher wie die Babylonier und assirijzy oft verpasst. Kapitel 1: Die Blütezeit der sumerischen Zivilisation * Die Sumerer entstanden als eigenständige Kultur um 45.000 v. Chr. in der Region Mesopotamien (Land zwischen Tigris und Euphrat). * e entwickelten ein komplexes System von Regierung, Religion und sozialer Hierarchie, das den Beginn der modernen Zivilisation markierte.
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Sümerler: Medeniyeti Kuran Eski Mezopotamya İmparatorluğu'nun Tarihi ve Mirası Giriş * Sümerler, Mezopotamya'daki en eski medeniyeti kuran dünyadaki ilk uygar insanlardı. 45.000 yıldan daha uzun bir süre önce (modern Irak). * Yazının, kütüphanelerin, şehirlerin, okulların ve Gılgamış Destanı'nın icadı da dahil olmak üzere, insanlık tarihine katkıları ölçülemezdir - edebiyatın hayatta kalan en eski eserlerinden biri. * Kayda değer başarılarına rağmen, Sümerler genellikle Babilliler ve Asurlular gibi daha önde gelen medeniyetler lehine göz ardı edilir. Bölüm 1: Sümer uygarlığının yükselişi * Sümerler, Mezopotamya bölgesinde (Dicle ve Fırat nehirleri arasındaki topraklar) MÖ 45.000 civarında ayrı bir kültür olarak ortaya çıktılar. * Modern uygarlığı başlatan karmaşık bir yönetim, din ve sosyal hiyerarşi sistemi geliştirdiler.
السومريون: تاريخ وإرث إمبراطورية بلاد ما بين النهرين القديمة التي أسست مقدمة الحضارة * كان السومريون أول شعب متحضر معروف في العالم يؤسس أقدم حضارة في بلاد ما بين النهرين (العراق الحديث) منذ أكثر من 45000 عام. * مساهماتهم في تاريخ البشرية لا حصر لها، بما في ذلك اختراع الكتابة والمكتبات والمدن والمدارس وملحمة جلجامش - وهي واحدة من أقدم الأعمال الأدبية الباقية. * على الرغم من إنجازاتهم الكبيرة، غالبًا ما يتم التغاضي عن السومريين لصالح حضارات أكثر بروزًا مثل باباي الأيلونيون والآشوريون. الفصل 1: صعود الحضارة السومرية * ظهر السومريون كثقافة متميزة حول 45 000 قبل الميلاد في منطقة بلاد ما بين النهرين (الأرض بين نهري دجلة والفرات). * طوروا نظامًا معقدًا للحكم والدين والتسلسل الهرمي الاجتماعي الذي بدأ الحضارة الحديثة.

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