BOOKS - Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788
Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788 - Pauline Maier October 19, 2010 PDF  BOOKS
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Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788
Author: Pauline Maier
Year: October 19, 2010
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 9.3 MB
Language: English



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Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788 In the sweltering summer of 1787, the Founding Fathers gathered in Philadelphia to draft a new constitution for the United States. They emerged from Independence Hall with a document that would shape the future of America - but it was far from certain whether the proposed Constitution would be ratified by the American people. In fact, many citizens were skeptical of the proposal, fearing it would threaten the liberties won during the Revolutionary War. Pauline Maier's masterful history tells the dramatic story of the yearlong battle over ratification, bringing to life the passionate debates that unfolded across the country. The Road to Ratification The Constitution was not just a piece of paper; it was a proposal that needed to be approved by elected conventions in at least nine states before it could take effect. The fate of the document was uncertain, as some Americans saw it as a threat to their hard-won freedoms. In taverns, coffeehouses, and parlors, men and women engaged in heated discussions about the merits of the Constitution, with some eloquently arguing for its adoption while others fiercely opposed it. Newspapers and broadsides joined the fray, advocating different points of view.
Ратификация: Народ обсуждает Конституцию, 1787-1788 Изнурительным летом 1787 года отцы-основатели собрались в Филадельфии, чтобы разработать новую конституцию Соединенных Штатов. Они вышли из Зала Независимости с документом, который будет определять будущее Америки - но было далеко не точно, будет ли предлагаемая Конституция ратифицирована американским народом. На самом деле, многие граждане скептически отнеслись к этому предложению, опасаясь, что оно поставит под угрозу свободы, завоеванные во время войны за независимость. Мастерская история Полины Майер рассказывает драматическую историю годичной битвы за ратификацию, воплощая в жизнь страстные дебаты, которые развернулись по всей стране. Путь к ратификации Конституция была не просто бумажкой; это было предложение, которое должно было быть одобрено избранными конвенциями как минимум в девяти штатах, прежде чем оно сможет вступить в силу. Судьба документа была неопределенной, поскольку некоторые американцы видели в нем угрозу своим с трудом завоеванным свободам. В тавернах, кофейнях и салонах мужчины и женщины вели жаркие дискуссии о достоинствах Конституции, причем некоторые красноречиво спорили за ее принятие, в то время как другие яростно выступали против нее. К драке подключились газеты и бродсайды, отстаивающие разные точки зрения.
Ratification : peuple discute de la Constitution, 1787-1788 Au cours de l'été 1787, les pères fondateurs se sont réunis à Philadelphie pour rédiger la nouvelle constitution des États-Unis. Ils ont quitté la Salle de l'Indépendance avec un document qui déterminera l'avenir de l'Amérique - mais il était loin d'être certain que la Constitution proposée serait ratifiée par le peuple américain. En fait, de nombreux citoyens étaient sceptiques quant à cette proposition, craignant qu'elle ne compromette les libertés conquises pendant la guerre d'indépendance. L'histoire de l'atelier de Pauline Mayer raconte l'histoire dramatique d'une bataille de ratification d'un an, mettant en pratique les débats passionnés qui se sont déroulés dans tout le pays. La voie vers la ratification de la Constitution n'était pas seulement du papier ; il s'agissait d'une proposition qui devait être approuvée par des conventions élues dans au moins neuf États avant d'entrer en vigueur. sort du document était incertain, car certains Américains voyaient en lui une menace pour leurs libertés durement conquises. Dans les tavernes, les cafés et les salons, les hommes et les femmes ont eu de vifs débats sur le bien-fondé de la Constitution, certains argumentant éloquemment pour son adoption, tandis que d'autres s'y opposaient violemment. Des journaux et des broadsides se sont joints à la bagarre pour défendre différents points de vue.
Ratificación: pueblo discute la Constitución, 1787-1788 En el agotador verano de 1787, los padres fundadores se reunieron en Filadelfia para redactar una nueva constitución de los Estados Unidos. Se retiraron del Salón de la Independencia con un documento que definiría el futuro de Estados Unidos - pero estaba lejos de ser seguro si la Constitución propuesta sería ratificada por el pueblo estadounidense. De hecho, muchos ciudadanos se mostraron escépticos con la propuesta por temor a que pusiera en peligro las libertades conquistadas durante la guerra de independencia. La historia magistral de Polina Mayer cuenta la dramática historia de una batalla de ratificación de un año, dando vida a un apasionado debate que se desarrolló por todo el país. camino hacia la ratificación de la Constitución no fue sólo un pedazo de papel; se trataba de una propuesta que debía ser aprobada por las convenciones elegidas en al menos nueve estados antes de que pudiera entrar en vigor. destino del documento era incierto, ya que algunos estadounidenses veían en él una amenaza a sus libertades apenas ganadas. En tabernas, cafeterías y salones, hombres y mujeres mantuvieron acalorados debates sobre los méritos de la Constitución, con algunos discutiendo elocuentemente por su aprobación, mientras que otros se opusieron con vehemencia a ella. Periódicos y broadside se unieron a la pelea defendiendo diferentes puntos de vista.
Ratificação: O povo discute a Constituição, 1787-1788 No verão exaustivo de 1787, os pais fundadores reuniram-se em Filadélfia para elaborar uma nova constituição dos Estados Unidos. Eles saíram do Salão da Independência com um documento que definiria o futuro da América - mas estava longe de ser certo se a proposta de Constituição seria ratificada pelo povo americano. Na verdade, muitos cidadãos estavam céticos quanto à proposta, temendo que ela comprometesse as liberdades conquistadas durante a guerra de independência. A história de Paulina Meyer conta a história dramática de uma batalha de ratificação de um ano, concretizando um debate apaixonado que se desenrolou em todo o país. O caminho para a ratificação da Constituição não era apenas papel; era uma proposta que deveria ser aprovada por convenções eleitas em pelo menos nove estados antes de poder entrar em vigor. O destino do documento era incerto, porque alguns americanos o viam como uma ameaça às suas liberdades difíceis de conquistar. Em tabernas, cafés e salões, homens e mulheres travaram discussões acaloradas sobre as virtudes da Constituição, e alguns discutiram eloquentemente pela sua aprovação, enquanto outros se opuseram a ela. A luta envolveu-se em jornais e brodside que defendem pontos de vista diferentes.
Ratifica: Il popolo discute della Costituzione, 1787-1788 Estenuante estate 1787 I padri fondatori si riunirono a Philadelphia per sviluppare una nuova costituzione degli Stati Uniti. Sono usciti dalla Sala dell'Indipendenza con un documento che definirà il futuro dell'America, ma non era certo se la proposta di Costituzione sarebbe stata ratificata dal popolo americano. In realtà, molti cittadini si sono mostrati scettici su questa proposta, temendo che metterebbe a rischio le libertà conquistate durante la guerra di indipendenza. La storia di Pauline Meyer racconta la storia drammatica di un anno di battaglia per la ratifica, realizzando un dibattito appassionato che si è sviluppato in tutto il paese. La via della ratifica della Costituzione non era solo un pezzo di carta; era una proposta che doveva essere approvata dalle convenzioni elette in almeno nove Stati prima di poter entrare in vigore. Il destino del documento era incerto, perché alcuni americani lo vedevano come una minaccia per le loro libertà difficilmente conquistate. Nelle taverne, nelle caffetterie e nei salotti, uomini e donne hanno discusso in maniera accesa sulle virtù della Costituzione, e alcuni hanno discusso eloquentemente per la sua approvazione, mentre altri si sono opposti a lei. I giornali e i broadside sono stati coinvolti nella rissa.
Ratifizierung: Das Volk diskutiert die Verfassung, 1787-1788 Im Sommer 1787 versammelten sich die Gründerväter in Philadelphia, um eine neue Verfassung für die Vereinigten Staaten auszuarbeiten. e verließen die Independence Hall mit einem Dokument, das die Zukunft Amerikas bestimmen würde - aber es war alles andere als sicher, ob die vorgeschlagene Verfassung vom amerikanischen Volk ratifiziert werden würde. Tatsächlich standen viele Bürger dem Vorschlag skeptisch gegenüber und befürchteten, dass er die während des Unabhängigkeitskrieges errungenen Freiheiten gefährden würde. Die Werkstattgeschichte von Pauline Mayer erzählt die dramatische Geschichte eines einjährigen Ratifizierungskampfes und erweckt die leidenschaftliche Debatte zum ben, die sich im ganzen Land entwickelt hat. Der Weg zur Ratifizierung Die Verfassung war nicht nur ein Stück Papier; Dies war ein Vorschlag, der von ausgewählten Konventionen in mindestens neun Staaten genehmigt werden musste, bevor er in Kraft treten konnte. Das Schicksal des Dokuments war ungewiss, da einige Amerikaner es als Bedrohung für ihre hart erkämpften Freiheiten sahen. In Tavernen, Kaffeehäusern und Salons führten Männer und Frauen hitzige Diskussionen über die Vorzüge der Verfassung, wobei einige eloquent für ihre Annahme argumentierten, während andere vehement dagegen waren. Zeitungen und Broadside, die unterschiedliche Standpunkte vertreten, schlossen sich dem Kampf an.
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Onay: Halk Anayasayı Tartışıyor, 1787-1788 1787'nin yorucu yazında, Kurucu Babalar, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri için yeni bir anayasa hazırlamak üzere Philadelphia'da toplandı. Amerika'nın geleceğini şekillendirecek bir belgeyle Independence Hall'dan çıktılar - ancak önerilen Anayasa'nın Amerikan halkı tarafından onaylanıp onaylanmayacağı kesin değildi. Aslında, birçok vatandaş, Devrimci Savaş sırasında kazanılan özgürlükleri tehlikeye atacağından korkarak teklife şüpheyle yaklaştı.Pauline Mayer'in ustalıklı hikayesi, onay için bir yıl süren savaşın dramatik hikayesini anlatıyor ve ülke genelinde ortaya çıkan tutkulu tartışmayı hayata geçiriyor. Anayasanın onaylanmasına giden yol sadece bir kağıt parçası değildi; Yürürlüğe girmeden önce en az dokuz eyalette seçilen sözleşmeler tarafından onaylanması gereken bir öneriydi. Belgenin kaderi belirsizdi, çünkü bazı Amerikalılar bunu zor kazanılmış özgürlüklerine bir tehdit olarak görüyorlardı. Tavernalarda, kahvehanelerde ve salonlarda, erkekler ve kadınlar Anayasa'nın esası hakkında hararetli tartışmalara girdiler, bazıları anayasanın geçişi için etkili bir şekilde tartışırken, diğerleri şiddetle karşı çıktılar. Farklı bakış açılarını savunan gazeteler ve yayın organları mücadeleye katıldı.
التصديق: الشعب يناقش الدستور، 1787-1788 في صيف 1787 الشاق، اجتمع الآباء المؤسسون في فيلادلفيا لصياغة دستور جديد للولايات المتحدة. لقد خرجوا من قاعة الاستقلال بوثيقة من شأنها أن تشكل مستقبل أمريكا - لكن لم يكن من المؤكد ما إذا كان الدستور المقترح سيصدق عليه الشعب الأمريكي. في الواقع، كان العديد من المواطنين متشككين في الاقتراح، خوفًا من أن يعرض الحريات التي تم الفوز بها خلال قصة الحرب الثورية. تحكي بولين ماير القصة الدرامية لمعركة استمرت لمدة عام للتصديق، مما يعيد الحياة إلى النقاش العاطفي الذي دار في جميع أنحاء البلاد. والسبيل إلى التصديق على الدستور ليس مجرد ورقة ؛ كان اقتراحًا يجب أن تتم الموافقة عليه من قبل اتفاقيات مختارة في تسع ولايات على الأقل قبل أن يدخل حيز التنفيذ. كان مصير الوثيقة غير مؤكد، حيث اعتبرها بعض الأمريكيين تهديدًا لحرياتهم التي حصلوا عليها بشق الأنفس. في الحانات والمقاهي والصالونات، انخرط الرجال والنساء في مناقشات ساخنة حول مزايا الدستور، حيث جادل البعض ببلاغة لإقراره بينما عارضه البعض الآخر بشدة. وانضمت الصحف والعرائس، التي تدافع عن وجهات نظر مختلفة، إلى القتال.

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