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The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature (Robson Classical Lectures) - David Konstan January 1, 2006 PDF  BOOKS
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The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature (Robson Classical Lectures)
Author: David Konstan
Year: January 1, 2006
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 21 MB
Language: English



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The book "The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature" by David Konstan challenges the common assumption that human emotions have remained constant throughout history, and instead, offers a nuanced understanding of the emotional experiences of ancient Greeks. The author argues that while there may be similarities between ancient Greek emotions and those experienced today, there are significant differences that must be acknowledged in order to truly understand ancient Greek literature and culture. One key difference is the way in which the Greeks understood and described emotions. Unlike modern English terms such as "anger "love and "envy the Greeks did not use these words to describe their emotions. Instead, they employed words such as "orge" (anger), "philia" (friendship), and "phthonos" (envy) which do not directly translate into modern emotional vocabulary. This highlights the importance of considering the cultural context in which emotions are experienced and expressed. Konstan's analysis focuses on the intense competition for status and power in ancient Greek society, which influenced the attitudes, motives, and actions of individuals. He demonstrates how this competition shaped the emotional experiences of the Greeks and informs our own views of particular emotions and the category of emotion itself.
Книга «The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature» Дэвида Констана бросает вызов общему предположению, что человеческие эмоции оставались постоянными на протяжении всей истории, и вместо этого предлагает тонкое понимание эмоциональных переживаний древних греков. Автор утверждает, что, хотя могут быть сходства между древнегреческими эмоциями и теми, которые переживаются сегодня, существуют значительные различия, которые необходимо признать, чтобы по-настоящему понять древнегреческую литературу и культуру. Одним из ключевых отличий является то, как греки понимали и описывали эмоции. В отличие от современных английских терминов, таких как «гнев» «любовь» и «зависть», греки не использовали эти слова для описания своих эмоций. Вместо этого они использовали такие слова, как «orge» (гнев), «philia» (дружба) и «phthonos» (зависть), которые напрямую не переводятся в современную эмоциональную лексику. Это подчеркивает важность рассмотрения культурного контекста, в котором переживаются и выражаются эмоции. Анализ Констана фокусируется на острой конкуренции за статус и власть в древнегреческом обществе, которая повлияла на установки, мотивы и действия отдельных людей. Он демонстрирует, как этот конкурс сформировал эмоциональные переживания греков и сообщает наши собственные взгляды на те или иные эмоции и саму категорию эмоций.
livre « The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks : Studies in Aristote and Classical Literature » de David Constand remet en question l'hypothèse générale que les émotions humaines sont restées constantes tout au long de l'histoire, et offre plutôt une compréhension subtile des expériences émotionnelles des anciens Grecs. L'auteur affirme que, bien qu'il puisse y avoir des similitudes entre les émotions grecques anciennes et celles qui sont ressenties aujourd'hui, il y a des différences importantes qu'il faut reconnaître pour comprendre vraiment la littérature et la culture grecques anciennes. L'une des principales différences est la façon dont les Grecs ont compris et décrit les émotions. Contrairement aux termes anglais modernes, tels que « colère » « amour » et « envie », les Grecs n'ont pas utilisé ces mots pour décrire leurs émotions. Au lieu de cela, ils ont utilisé des mots comme « orge » (colère), « philia » (amitié) et « phthonos » (envie), qui ne sont pas directement traduits dans le vocabulaire émotionnel moderne. Cela souligne l'importance de considérer le contexte culturel dans lequel les émotions sont vécues et exprimées. L'analyse de Constana se concentre sur la compétition aiguë pour le statut et le pouvoir dans la société grecque antique, qui a influencé les attitudes, les motivations et les actions des individus. Il montre comment ce concours a façonné les expériences émotionnelles des Grecs et transmet nos propres vues sur certaines émotions et la catégorie même des émotions.
libro The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature de David Constan desafía la suposición general de que las emociones humanas han permanecido constantes a lo largo de la historia y, en cambio, ofrece una sutil comprensión de las experiencias emocionales de los antiguos griegos. autor sostiene que, aunque puede haber similitudes entre las emociones griegas antiguas y las que se experimentan hoy en día, hay diferencias significativas que hay que reconocer para comprender realmente la literatura y la cultura griega antiguas. Una de las diferencias clave es la forma en que los griegos entendieron y describieron las emociones. A diferencia de los términos ingleses modernos, como «ira» «amor» y «envidia», los griegos no usaron estas palabras para describir sus emociones. En cambio, usaron palabras como «orge» (ira), «philia» (amistad) y «phthonos» (envidia), que no se traducen directamente en el vocabulario emocional moderno. Esto subraya la importancia de considerar el contexto cultural en el que se experimentan y expresan las emociones. análisis de Konstán se centra en la intensa competencia por el estatus y el poder en la antigua sociedad griega, que influyó en las actitudes, motivaciones y acciones de los individuos. Demuestra cómo este concurso ha moldeado las experiencias emocionales de los griegos y nos comunica nuestras propias opiniones sobre ciertas emociones y la propia categoría de emociones.
O livro «The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literation», de David Constan, desafia a suposição geral de que as emoções humanas permaneceram constantes ao longo da história, oferecendo uma compreensão sutil das experiências emocionais dos gregos antigos. O autor afirma que, embora possa haver semelhanças entre as emoções gregas antigas e aquelas vividas hoje em dia, há diferenças significativas que devem ser reconhecidas para realmente compreender a literatura e a cultura gregas antigas. Uma diferença fundamental é a forma como os gregos entenderam e descreveram as emoções. Ao contrário de termos ingleses modernos, como «raiva» «amor» e «inveja», os gregos não usaram essas palavras para descrever suas emoções. Em vez disso, usaram palavras como «orge» (raiva), «philia» (amizade) e «phthonos» (inveja), que não se traduzem diretamente no vocabulário emocional moderno. Isso ressalta a importância de considerar o contexto cultural em que as emoções são vividas e expressas. A análise de Constan se concentra na competição aguda por status e poder na sociedade grega antiga, que influenciou as instalações, motivações e ações individuais. Ele demonstra como este concurso moldou as experiências emocionais dos gregos e informa as nossas próprias opiniões sobre as emoções e a própria categoria de emoções.
Il libro «The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical tteration» di David Constan sfida il presupposto comune che le emozioni umane siano rimaste costanti nel corso della storia, offrendo invece una delicata comprensione delle esperienze emotive degli antichi greci. L'autore sostiene che, sebbene ci possano essere somiglianze tra le emozioni greche antiche e quelle vissute oggi, ci sono notevoli differenze che devono essere riconosciute per comprendere davvero l'antica letteratura greca e la cultura. Una differenza fondamentale è il modo in cui i greci capivano e descrivevano le emozioni. A differenza dei termini inglesi moderni, come «rabbia» «amore» e «invidia», i greci non hanno usato queste parole per descrivere le loro emozioni. Hanno invece usato parole come «orge», «philia» e «phthones», che non si traducono direttamente in un linguaggio emotivo moderno. Ciò sottolinea l'importanza di considerare il contesto culturale in cui le emozioni vengono vissute ed espresse. L'analisi di Constan si concentra sulla forte competizione per lo status e il potere nella società greca antica, che ha influenzato le istruzioni, le motivazioni e le azioni delle persone. Dimostra come questo concorso ha formato le esperienze emotive dei greci e riporta le nostre opinioni su alcune emozioni e la categoria stessa delle emozioni.
Das Buch „The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks: Studies in Aristotle and Classical Literature“ von David Constant stellt die allgemeine Annahme in Frage, dass menschliche Emotionen im Laufe der Geschichte konstant geblieben sind, und bietet stattdessen einen subtilen Einblick in die emotionalen Erfahrungen der alten Griechen. Der Autor argumentiert, dass es zwar Ähnlichkeiten zwischen altgriechischen Emotionen und denen, die heute erlebt werden, gibt es erhebliche Unterschiede, die erkannt werden müssen, um die altgriechische Literatur und Kultur wirklich zu verstehen. Einer der Hauptunterschiede ist, wie die Griechen Emotionen verstanden und beschrieben haben. Im Gegensatz zu modernen englischen Begriffen wie "Wut", "Liebe" und "Neid'verwendeten die Griechen diese Wörter nicht, um ihre Emotionen zu beschreiben. Stattdessen verwendeten sie Wörter wie „orge“ (Wut), „philia“ (Freundschaft) und „phthonos“ (Neid), die nicht direkt in den modernen emotionalen Wortschatz übersetzt werden. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung des kulturellen Kontextes, in dem Emotionen erlebt und ausgedrückt werden. Constans Analyse konzentriert sich auf den intensiven Wettbewerb um Status und Macht in der antiken griechischen Gesellschaft, der die Einstellungen, Motive und Handlungen von Individuen beeinflusste. Es zeigt, wie dieser Wettbewerb die emotionalen Erfahrungen der Griechen geprägt hat und vermittelt unsere eigenen Ansichten über bestimmte Emotionen und die Kategorie der Emotionen selbst.
Emocje starożytnych Greków: Studia w Arystotelesie i literaturze klasycznej Dawid Nieustannie kwestionuje ogólne założenie, że ludzkie emocje pozostały stałe w całej historii i zamiast tego oferuje niuansowane zrozumienie emocjonalnych doświadczeń starożytnych Greków. Autor twierdzi, że chociaż mogą istnieć podobieństwa między starożytnymi emocjami greckimi a dzisiejszymi, istnieją znaczne różnice, które należy uznać, aby naprawdę zrozumieć starożytną literaturę i kulturę grecką. Jedną z kluczowych różnic jest to, jak Grecy rozumieli i opisywali emocje. W przeciwieństwie do współczesnych angielskich określeń, takich jak "gniew" "miłość" "i" zazdrość ", Grecy nie używali tych słów do opisania swoich emocji. Zamiast tego używali takich słów jak „orge” (gniew), „philia” (przyjaźń) i „phthonos” (zawiść), które nie są bezpośrednio tłumaczone na współczesne słownictwo emocjonalne. Podkreśla to znaczenie rozważenia kontekstu kulturowego, w którym emocje są doświadczane i wyrażane. Stała analiza skupia się na intensywnej konkurencji o status i władzę w starożytnym społeczeństwie greckim, co wpłynęło na postawy, motywy i działania jednostek. Pokazuje, jak ta konkurencja ukształtowała emocjonalne doświadczenia Greków i przekazuje nasze własne poglądy na pewne emocje i kategorię emocji.
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Eski Yunanlıların Duyguları: David Constant'ın Aristoteles ve Klasik Edebiyat Çalışmaları, insan duygularının tarih boyunca sabit kaldığı genel varsayımına meydan okuyor ve bunun yerine eski Yunanlıların duygusal deneyimlerinin nüanslı bir anlayışını sunuyor. Yazar, eski Yunan duyguları ile bugün yaşananlar arasında benzerlikler olsa da, eski Yunan edebiyatını ve kültürünü gerçekten anlamak için tanınması gereken önemli farklılıklar olduğunu savunuyor. Önemli bir fark, Yunanlıların duyguları nasıl anladıkları ve tanımladıklarıdır. "Öfke", "aşk've" kıskançlık'gibi modern İngilizce terimlerin aksine, Yunanlılar duygularını tanımlamak için bu kelimeleri kullanmadılar. Bunun yerine, doğrudan modern duygusal kelime dağarcığına çevrilmeyen "orge" (öfke), "philia" (dostluk) ve "phthonos" (kıskançlık) gibi kelimeleri kullandılar. Bu, duyguların deneyimlendiği ve ifade edildiği kültürel bağlamı dikkate almanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Constant'ın analizi, antik Yunan toplumunda bireylerin tutumlarını, güdülerini ve eylemlerini etkileyen statü ve güç için yoğun rekabete odaklanmaktadır. Bu yarışmanın Yunanlıların duygusal deneyimlerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve belirli duygular ve duyguların kategorisi hakkındaki kendi görüşlerimizi nasıl aktardığını göstermektedir.
عواطف اليونانيين القدماء: تحدى الدراسات في أرسطو والأدب الكلاسيكي من قبل ديفيد كونستانت الافتراض العام بأن المشاعر الإنسانية ظلت ثابتة على مر التاريخ وبدلاً من ذلك تقدم فهمًا دقيقًا للتجارب العاطفية لليونانيين القدماء. يجادل المؤلف بأنه في حين أنه قد تكون هناك أوجه تشابه بين المشاعر اليونانية القديمة وتلك التي تمت تجربتها اليوم، إلا أن هناك اختلافات كبيرة يجب الاعتراف بها من أجل فهم الأدب والثقافة اليونانية القديمة حقًا. أحد الاختلافات الرئيسية هو كيف فهم اليونانيون المشاعر ووصفوها. على عكس المصطلحات الإنجليزية الحديثة مثل «الغضب» و «الحب» و «الحسد»، لم يستخدم اليونانيون هذه الكلمات لوصف مشاعرهم. بدلاً من ذلك، استخدموا كلمات مثل "orge" (الغضب) و "philia" (الصداقة) و "phthonos'(الحسد)، والتي لم تُترجم مباشرة إلى مفردات عاطفية حديثة. يسلط هذا الضوء على أهمية النظر في السياق الثقافي الذي يتم فيه تجربة المشاعر والتعبير عنها. يركز تحليل كونستانت على المنافسة الشديدة على المكانة والسلطة في المجتمع اليوناني القديم، والتي أثرت على مواقف ودوافع وأفعال الأفراد. إنه يوضح كيف شكلت هذه المنافسة التجارب العاطفية لليونانيين وتوصل وجهات نظرنا الخاصة حول بعض المشاعر وفئة المشاعر ذاتها.
大衛·康斯坦斯(David Constant)撰寫的《古希臘人的情感:文學和古典文學研究》一書挑戰了人類情感在整個歷史上一直保持不變的一般假設,而是對古希臘人的情感經歷提供了微妙的見解。作者認為,盡管古希臘情感與今天經歷的情感之間可能存在相似之處,但為了真正理解古希臘文學和文化,必須認識到存在重大差異。一個關鍵的區別是希臘人如何理解和描述情感。與現代英語術語(例如「憤怒」「愛」和「嫉妒」)不同,希臘人沒有使用這些詞來描述自己的情感。相反,他們使用了諸如「orge」(憤怒),「philia」(友誼)和「phthonos」(嫉妒)之類的單詞,這些單詞沒有直接翻譯成現代情感詞匯。這突顯了考慮經歷和表達情感的文化背景的重要性。康斯坦斯的分析著重於古希臘社會對地位和權力的激烈競爭,這影響了個人的態度,動機和行動。他展示了這場比賽如何塑造了希臘人的情感經歷,並傳達了我們對特定情感和情感類別本身的看法。

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