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The British Arboretum: Trees, Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century (Sci and Culture in the Nineteenth Century) - Paul A. Elliott February 25, 2011 PDF  BOOKS
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The British Arboretum: Trees, Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century (Sci and Culture in the Nineteenth Century)
Author: Paul A. Elliott
Year: February 25, 2011
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 6.4 MB
Language: English



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The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival In the nineteenth century, the British arboretum, or tree collection, became a symbol of the country's scientific and cultural prowess. These manicured gardens, filled with a vast array of tree species from around the world, were not only a testament to the nation's wealth and influence but also a reflection of its commitment to the pursuit of knowledge and understanding. The development of these arboretums was fostered by a variety of factors, including global trade and exploration, the popularity of collecting, and the significance of trees to the British economy and society. As such, this study seeks to explore the evolution of the arboretum and its place within the broader context of Enlightenment science, changes in landscape gardening aesthetics, and agricultural and horticultural improvements.
The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival В девятнадцатом веке британский дендрарий, или коллекция деревьев, стал символом научного и культурного мастерства страны. Эти ухоженные сады, заполненные огромным количеством пород деревьев со всего мира, были не только свидетельством богатства и влияния страны, но и отражением ее приверженности стремлению к знаниям и пониманию. Развитию этих дендрариев способствовало множество факторов, включая глобальную торговлю и разведку, популярность коллекционирования и значение деревьев для британской экономики и общества. Таким образом, это исследование направлено на изучение эволюции дендрария и его места в более широком контексте науки Просвещения, изменений в эстетике садово-паркового искусства, а также улучшения сельского хозяйства и садоводства.
The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century : A Study of Evolution and Survival Au XIXe siècle, l'arboretum britannique, ou collection d'arbres, est devenu le symbole du savoir-faire scientifique et culturel du pays. Ces jardins bien entretenus, remplis d'un grand nombre d'espèces d'arbres du monde entier, n'étaient pas seulement un témoignage de la richesse et de l'influence du pays, mais aussi le reflet de son engagement envers la connaissance et la compréhension. développement de ces dendraries a été facilité par de nombreux facteurs, y compris le commerce mondial et l'exploration, la popularité de la collecte et l'importance des arbres pour l'économie et la société britanniques. Cette étude vise donc à étudier l'évolution de l'arboretum et sa place dans le contexte plus large de la science des Lumières, l'évolution de l'esthétique de l'art du jardin et du parc, ainsi que l'amélioration de l'agriculture et du jardinage.
The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival En el siglo XIX, el arboreto británico, o colección de árboles, se convirtió en un símbolo de la excelencia científica y cultural del país. Estos jardines bien cuidados, llenos de una enorme cantidad de especies arbóreas de todo el mundo, no sólo fueron un testimonio de la riqueza y la influencia del país, sino también un reflejo de su compromiso con la búsqueda del conocimiento y la comprensión. Muchos factores contribuyeron al desarrollo de estos arboretos, incluyendo el comercio y la exploración global, la popularidad de la recolección y la importancia de los árboles para la economía y la sociedad británica. Así, este estudio pretende estudiar la evolución del arboreto y su lugar en el contexto más amplio de la ciencia de la Ilustración, los cambios en la estética del arte de jardín y parque, así como la mejora de la agricultura y la horticultura.
The British Arboretum Trees de Ciência e Cultura em the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival No século XIX. O dendrário britânico, ou coleção de árvores, tornou-se um símbolo da habilidade científica e cultural do país. Estes jardins bem cuidados, repletos de grandes quantidades de árvores de todo o mundo, não eram apenas uma prova da riqueza e influência do país, mas também um reflexo do seu compromisso com o conhecimento e a compreensão. Estes dendrários foram impulsionados por vários fatores, incluindo o comércio global e a exploração, a popularidade do colecionador e a importância das árvores para a economia e a sociedade britânicas. Por isso, este estudo tem como objetivo explorar a evolução do dendrário e seu lugar no contexto mais amplo da ciência do Iluminismo, as mudanças na estética das artes jardineiras e parques e a melhoria da agricultura e jardinagem.
The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival Nel diciannovesimo secolo il dandrario britannico, o collezione di alberi, è diventato un simbolo dell'abilità scientifica e culturale del paese. Questi giardini curati, pieni di enormi quantità di alberi provenienti da tutto il mondo, non erano solo una testimonianza della ricchezza e dell'influenza del paese, ma anche un riflesso del suo impegno per la conoscenza e la comprensione. Lo sviluppo di questi dandrari ha contribuito a molti fattori, tra cui il commercio e l'esplorazione globale, la popolarità del collezionismo e l'importanza degli alberi per l'economia e la società britanniche. Questo studio mira quindi a studiare l'evoluzione del dandrario e il suo posto nel contesto più ampio della scienza dell'Illuminismo, i cambiamenti estetici dell'arte giardiniera e del parco, e il miglioramento dell'agricoltura e del giardinaggio.
The British Arboretum Trees Wissenschaft und Kultur im neunzehnten Jahrhundert: Eine Studie über Evolution und Überleben Im neunzehnten Jahrhundert wurde das britische Arboretum oder die Sammlung von Bäumen zum Symbol der wissenschaftlichen und kulturellen Exzellenz des Landes. Diese gepflegten Gärten, gefüllt mit einer großen Anzahl von Baumarten aus der ganzen Welt, waren nicht nur ein Beweis für den Reichtum und den Einfluss des Landes, sondern auch ein Spiegelbild seines Engagements für das Streben nach Wissen und Verständnis. Viele Faktoren haben zur Entwicklung dieser Arboreten beigetragen, darunter der globale Handel und die Exploration, die Beliebtheit des Sammelns und die Bedeutung der Bäume für die britische Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Daher zielt diese Studie darauf ab, die Entwicklung des Arboretums und seinen Platz im breiteren Kontext der Wissenschaft der Aufklärung, die Veränderungen in der Ästhetik der Gartenkunst sowie die Verbesserung der Landwirtschaft und des Gartenbaus zu untersuchen.
The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival W XIX wieku brytyjskie arboretum, czyli kolekcja drzew, stało się symbolem naukowej i kulturowej prowess kraju. Wypełnione ogromną liczbą gatunków drzew z całego świata, te manicured ogrody były nie tylko testamentem bogactwa i wpływu kraju, ale także odzwierciedleniem jego zaangażowania w dążenie do wiedzy i zrozumienia. Wiele czynników przyczyniło się do rozwoju tych arboretumów, w tym globalnego handlu i eksploracji, popularność kolekcji, a także znaczenie drzew dla brytyjskiej gospodarki i społeczeństwa. Celem tych badań jest zbadanie ewolucji arboretum i jego miejsca w szerszym kontekście nauki oświecenia, zmian w estetyce ogrodnictwa krajobrazowego oraz ulepszeń w rolnictwie i ogrodnictwie.
The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival in the British Arboretum במאה התשע-עשרה, הארבורטום הבריטי, או אוסף העצים, הפך. גנים מטופחים אלה לא היו רק עדות לעושרה ולהשפעתה של המדינה, אלא גם השתקפות של מחויבותה לרדיפה אחר ידע והבנה. גורמים רבים תרמו להתפתחותם של ארובטומים אלה, כולל סחר גלובלי וחקר, הפופולריות של איסוף, וחשיבות העצים לכלכלה ולחברה הבריטית. ככזה, מטרת המחקר היא לחקור את האבולוציה של הארבורטום ואת מקומו בהקשר הרחב יותר של מדעי הנאורות, שינויים באסתטיקה של גינון נוף ושיפורים בחקלאות ובגינון.''
The British Arboretum Trees Science and Culture in the Nineteenth Century: A Study of Evolution and Survival (Ondokuzuncu Yüzyılda İngiliz arboretum Ağaçları Bilimi ve Kültürü: Evrim ve Hayatta Kalma Üzerine Bir Çalışma) Ondokuzuncu yüzyılda, İngiliz arboretumu veya ağaç koleksiyonu, ülkenin bilimsel ve kültürel cesaretinin sembolü haline geldi. Dünyanın dört bir yanından çok sayıda ağaç türüyle dolu olan bu bakımlı bahçeler, yalnızca ülkenin zenginliğinin ve etkisinin bir kanıtı değil, aynı zamanda bilgi ve anlayış arayışına olan bağlılığının bir yansımasıydı. Küresel ticaret ve keşif, toplamanın popülaritesi ve ağaçların İngiliz ekonomisi ve toplumu için önemi de dahil olmak üzere bu arboretumların gelişimine birçok faktör katkıda bulundu. Bu nedenle, bu araştırma, arboretumun evrimini ve Aydınlanma biliminin daha geniş bağlamındaki yerini, peyzaj bahçeciliğinin estetiğindeki değişiklikleri ve tarım ve bahçecilikteki gelişmeleri araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
علم وثقافة أشجار المشتل البريطاني في القرن التاسع عشر: دراسة التطور والبقاء في القرن التاسع عشر، أصبح المشتل البريطاني، أو مجموعة الأشجار، رمزًا للبراعة العلمية والثقافية للبلاد. مليئة بأعداد كبيرة من أنواع الأشجار من جميع أنحاء العالم، لم تكن هذه الحدائق المشذبة شهادة على ثروة البلاد ونفوذها فحسب، بل كانت أيضًا انعكاسًا لالتزامها بالسعي وراء المعرفة والفهم. ساهمت العديد من العوامل في تطوير هذه الأشجار، بما في ذلك التجارة والاستكشاف العالميين، وشعبية الجمع، وأهمية الأشجار للاقتصاد البريطاني والمجتمع. على هذا النحو، يهدف هذا البحث إلى استكشاف تطور المشتل ومكانه في السياق الأوسع لعلوم التنوير، والتغييرات في جماليات بستنة المناظر الطبيعية، والتحسينات في الزراعة والبستنة.
19 세기 영국 수목원 나무 과학과 문화: 진화와 생존에 관한 연구 19 세기에 영국 수목원 또는 나무 수집은 국가의 과학 및 문화적 능력의 상징이되었습니다. 전 세계의 수많은 나무 종으로 가득 찬이 잘 다듬어 진 정원은 국가의 부와 영향력에 대한 증거 일뿐만 아니라 지식과 이해 추구에 대한 헌신을 반영한 것입니다. 세계 무역 및 탐사, 수집 인기, 영국 경제 및 사회에 대한 나무의 중요성 등 많은 요인들이 이러한 수목원의 발전에 기여했습니다. 따라서이 연구는 계몽 과학의 광범위한 맥락에서 수목원의 진화와 그 위치, 조경 원예의 미학의 변화, 농업 및 원예의 개선을 탐구하는 것을 목표로합니다.
19世紀の英国の樹木科学と文化進化と生存の研究19世紀には、英国の樹木のコレクションは、国の科学的および文化的能力の象徴となりました。世界中の膨大な数の樹種で満たされたこれらの手入れされた庭園は、国の富と影響力の証であるだけでなく、知識と理解の追求へのコミットメントを反映していました。世界的な貿易と探索、収集の人気、イギリスの経済と社会への木の重要性など、これらの樹木園の発展に多くの要因が貢献した。このように、本研究は、広範な啓蒙科学の文脈における樹木の進化とその位置、造園の美学の変化、農業と園芸の改善を探求することを目的としている。
中世紀英國植物園樹木科學與文化:進化與生存研究在19世紀,英國植物園或樹木收藏成為該國科學和文化卓越的象征。這些精心修飾的花園,裏面充滿了來自世界各地的大量樹木,不僅證明了國家的財富和影響力,而且反映了其對追求知識和理解的承諾。許多因素促進了這些植物園的發展,包括全球貿易和勘探,收藏的受歡迎程度以及樹木對英國經濟和社會的重要性。因此,這項研究旨在研究植物園的發展及其在啟蒙科學的更廣泛背景下的地位,園林和公園藝術美學的變化以及農業和園藝的改善。

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