BOOKS - Meltdown Expected: Crisis, Disorder, and Upheaval at the end of the 1970s
Meltdown Expected: Crisis, Disorder, and Upheaval at the end of the 1970s - Aaron J. Leonard May 17, 2024 PDF  BOOKS
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Meltdown Expected: Crisis, Disorder, and Upheaval at the end of the 1970s
Author: Aaron J. Leonard
Year: May 17, 2024
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 6.5 MB
Language: English



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Meltdown: Expected Crisis, Disorder, and Upheaval at the End of the 1970s In January 1978, President Jimmy Carter proclaimed that "There is all across our land a growing sense of peace and a sense of common purpose. " However, in the ensuing months, a series of crises disturbed this fragile sense of peace, ultimately setting the stage for Ronald Reagan's decisive victory in 1980 and ushering in the final phase of the Cold War. Meltdown: Expected Crisis, Disorder, and Upheaval at the End of the 1970s tells the story of the power shifts from late 1978 through 1979, whose repercussions are still being felt today. Iran's Revolution and Hostage Crisis One of the most significant events of this period was Iran's revolution, which led to a hostage crisis and the seizure of the American embassy in Tehran. The crisis lasted for 4444 days, leaving 52 American diplomats and citizens held captive. This event had far-reaching consequences, including the failure of the Carter administration's attempt to rescue the hostages, which doomed his presidency and paved the way for Reagan's election.
Кризис: ожидаемый кризис, беспорядок и потрясения в конце 1970-х годов В январе 1978 года президент Джимми Картер провозгласил, что "на всей нашей земле растет чувство мира и чувство общей цели. Однако в последующие месяцы ряд кризисов нарушил это хрупкое чувство мира, в конечном итоге подготовив почву для решительной победы Рональда Рейгана в 1980 году и положив начало заключительной фазе холодной войны. «Ожидаемый кризис, беспорядок и потрясения в конце 1970-х» рассказывает о сдвигах власти с конца 1978 по 1979 год, последствия которых ощущаются до сих пор. Революция в Иране и кризис с заложниками Одним из наиболее значимых событий этого периода стала революция в Иране, которая привела к кризису с заложниками и захвату американского посольства в Тегеране. Кризис продолжался 4444 дня, в результате чего 52 американских дипломата и гражданина оказались в плену. Это событие имело далеко идущие последствия, включая провал попытки администрации Картера спасти заложников, что обрекло его на президентство и проложило путь к избранию Рейгана.
Crise : crise attendue, désordre et bouleversement à la fin des années 1970 En janvier 1978, le président Jimmy Carter a proclamé que "dans toute notre terre, le sentiment de paix et le sens d'un objectif commun grandissent. Cependant, dans les mois qui ont suivi, un certain nombre de crises ont perturbé ce sentiment fragile de paix, ouvrant finalement la voie à la victoire décisive de Ronald Reagan en 1980 et marquant le début de la phase finale de la guerre froide. « La crise, le désordre et les bouleversements attendus à la fin des années 1970 » raconte les changements de pouvoir de la fin de 1978 à 1979, dont les effets se font encore sentir. Révolution en Iran et crise des otages L'un des événements les plus importants de cette période a été la révolution en Iran, qui a conduit à une crise des otages et à la prise de l'ambassade américaine à Téhéran. La crise a duré 4444 jours, ce qui a fait 52 diplomates et citoyens américains prisonniers. Cet événement a eu des conséquences considérables, y compris l'échec de l'administration Carter à sauver les otages, ce qui l'a condamné à la présidence et a ouvert la voie à l'élection de Reagan.
Crisis: crisis anticipada, desorden y agitación a finales de la década de 1970 En enero de 1978, el presidente Jimmy Carter proclamó que "hay un creciente sentido de paz y un sentido de propósito común en toda nuestra tierra. n embargo, en los meses siguientes, una serie de crisis rompieron este frágil sentido de la paz, preparando finalmente el terreno para la victoria decisiva de Ronald Reagan en 1980 y sentando las bases para la fase final de la Guerra Fría. «La crisis esperada, el desorden y la agitación a finales de la década de 1970» habla de los cambios de poder de finales de 1978 a 1979, cuyos efectos todavía se sienten. La revolución en Irán y la crisis de los rehenes Uno de los acontecimientos más significativos de este período fue la revolución en Irán, que llevó a la crisis de los rehenes y a la toma de la embajada estadounidense en Teherán. La crisis duró 4.444 días, dejando a 52 diplomáticos y ciudadanos estadounidenses cautivos. evento tuvo consecuencias de largo alcance, incluyendo el fracaso del intento de la administración Carter de salvar a los rehenes, lo que lo condenó a la presidencia y allanó el camino para la elección de Reagan.
Crise: crise prevista, desordem e transtornos no final dos anos 1970 Em janeiro de 1978, o presidente Jimmy Carter declarou que "em toda a nossa terra há um sentimento de paz e um sentido de objetivo comum. No entanto, nos meses seguintes, uma série de crises quebrou esse frágil sentimento de paz, finalmente preparando o terreno para a vitória decisiva de Ronald Reagan em 1980 e dando início à fase final da Guerra Fria. «A crise esperada, a confusão e os transtornos no final dos anos 1970» revela as mudanças de poder entre o final de 1978 e 1979, cujos efeitos ainda são sentidos. A revolução no Irã e a crise dos reféns Um dos acontecimentos mais importantes deste período foi a revolução no Irã, que levou à crise dos reféns e à tomada da embaixada americana em Teerã. A crise durou 4.444 dias, deixando 52 diplomatas e cidadãos americanos em cativeiro. O evento teve grandes consequências, incluindo o fracasso da tentativa do governo Carter de salvar os reféns, o que o condenou à presidência e abriu caminho para a eleição de Reagan.
Crisi: crisi prevista, disordine e shock alla fine degli annì 70 Nel gennaio del 1978, il presidente Jimmy Carter ha dichiarato che "in tutta la nostra terra c'è un senso di pace e un senso di obiettivo comune. Tuttavia, nei mesi successivi, una serie di crisi ha infranto questa fragile sensazione di pace, finendo per preparare il terreno per la decisa vittoria di Ronald Reagan nel 1980 e dando il via alla fase finale della guerra fredda. «L'aspettativa di crisi, disordine e shock alla fine degli annì 70» racconta gli spostamenti di potere tra la fine del 1978 e il 1979, le cui conseguenze si sentono ancora oggi. La rivoluzione in Iran e la crisi degli ostaggi Uno degli eventi più importanti di questo periodo è stata la rivoluzione in Iran, che ha portato alla crisi degli ostaggi e alla conquista dell'ambasciata americana a Teheran. La crisi è durata 4444 giorni e 52 diplomatici e cittadini americani sono rimasti prigionieri. Questo evento ha avuto conseguenze di grande portata, compreso il fallimento del tentativo dell'amministrazione Carter di salvare gli ostaggi, che lo ha condannato alla presidenza e ha aperto la strada all'elezione di Reagan.
Krise: Die erwartete Krise, Unordnung und Umwälzungen in den späten 1970er Jahren Im Januar 1978 verkündete Präsident Jimmy Carter, dass "in unserem ganzen Land ein Gefühl des Friedens und ein nn für ein gemeinsames Ziel wachsen. In den folgenden Monaten störten jedoch eine Reihe von Krisen dieses fragile Gefühl des Friedens und bereiteten schließlich den Boden für Ronald Reagans entscheidenden eg im Jahr 1980 und den Beginn der Endphase des Kalten Krieges. „Die erwartete Krise, Unordnung und Umwälzungen in den späten 1970er Jahren“ erzählt von Machtverschiebungen von Ende 1978 bis 1979, deren Folgen bis heute zu spüren sind. Die Revolution im Iran und die Geiselkrise Eines der wichtigsten Ereignisse in dieser Zeit war die Revolution im Iran, die zur Geiselkrise und zur Übernahme der US-Botschaft in Teheran führte. Die Krise dauerte 4444 Tage, wodurch 52 amerikanische Diplomaten und Bürger gefangen genommen wurden. Dieses Ereignis hatte weitreichende Folgen, einschließlich des Scheiterns des Versuchs der Carter-Regierung, die Geiseln zu retten, was ihn zur Präsidentschaft verurteilte und den Weg für die Wahl Reagans ebnete.
Crisis: Anticipated Crisis, Disorder, and Upheaval pod koniec lat 70. W styczniu 1978, prezydent Jimmy Carter ogłosił, że "istnieje coraz większe poczucie pokoju i poczucie wspólnego celu w całej naszej ziemi. W następnych miesiącach jednak seria kryzysów zniszczyła to kruche poczucie pokoju, ostatecznie wyznaczając scenę decydującego zwycięstwa Ronalda Reagana w 1980 roku i zapoczątkowując ostateczną fazę zimnej wojny. „The Expected Crisis, Disorder and Upheaval of the Late 1970” kronika przesunięcia władzy z końca 1978 do 1979, którego skutki są nadal odczuwalne. Rewolucja w Iranie i kryzys zakładników Jednym z najważniejszych wydarzeń tego okresu była rewolucja w Iranie, która doprowadziła do kryzysu zakładników i zajęcia amerykańskiej ambasady w Teheranie. Kryzys trwał 4444 dni, pozostawiając 52 amerykańskich dyplomatów i obywateli w niewoli. Wydarzenie to miało daleko idące konsekwencje, w tym nieudana próba ratowania zakładników przez administrację Cartera, która skazała go na prezydenturę i utorowała drogę wyborom Reagana.
משבר |: המשבר הצפוי, ההפרעה וההתהפכות בסוף שנות ה ־ 70 בינואר 1978, הכריז הנשיא ג ”ימי קרטר כי” יש תחושה הולכת וגוברת של שלום ותחושה של מטרה משותפת בכל רחבי ארצנו. בחודשים שלאחר מכן, שורה של משברים ניפצו את תחושת השלום השברירית, ובסופו של דבר היוו את הבמה לניצחונו המכריע של רונלד רייגן ב-1980 והשליכו לשלב האחרון של המלחמה הקרה. ”המשבר הצפוי, ההפרעה וההתהפכות של סוף שנות ה-70” מתעד את השינויים בשלטון מסוף 1978 ועד 1979, המהפכה באיראן ומשבר בני הערובה אחד האירועים המשמעותיים ביותר בתקופה זו היה המהפכה באיראן, שהובילה למשבר בני הערובה והחרמת השגרירות האמריקאית בטהרן. המשבר נמשך 4,444 ימים, והשאיר 52 דיפלומטים ואזרחים אמריקאים בשבי. לאירוע זה היו השלכות מרחיקות לכת, כולל כישלון הניסיון של ממשל קרטר להציל את בני הערובה, מה שחרץ את דינו לנשיאות וסלל את הדרך לבחירתו של רייגן.''
Kriz: 1970'lerin Sonlarında Beklenen Kriz, Düzensizlik ve Ayaklanma 1978 Ocak ayında Başkan Jimmy Carter, "topraklarımızda artan bir barış duygusu ve ortak bir amaç duygusu var. Bununla birlikte, takip eden aylarda, bir dizi kriz bu kırılgan barış duygusunu paramparça etti, sonuçta Ronald Reagan'ın 1980'deki kesin zaferine zemin hazırladı ve Soğuk Savaş'ın son aşamasını başlattı. "The Expected Crisis, Disorder and Upheaval of the Late 1970" (1970'lerin Sonlarının Beklenen Krizi, Düzensizliği ve Kargaşası), etkileri hala hissedilmekte olan 1978 sonlarından 1979 kadar iktidardaki değişimleri anlatıyor. İran'da Devrim ve Rehine Krizi Bu dönemin en önemli olaylarından biri, rehine krizine ve Tahran'daki Amerikan büyükelçiliğinin ele geçirilmesine yol açan İran'daki devrimdi. Kriz 4.444 gün sürdü ve 52 Amerikalı diplomat ve vatandaşı esaret altında bıraktı. Bu olayın, Carter yönetiminin rehineleri kurtarma girişiminin başarısızlığı da dahil olmak üzere, onu başkanlığa mahkum eden ve Reagan'ın seçilmesinin yolunu açan geniş kapsamlı sonuçları oldu.
危機:1970代後期預期的危機、混亂和動蕩。19781月,吉米·卡特總統宣布:"我們整個土地上越來越有和平感和共同目標感。然而,在隨後的幾個月中,許多危機打破了這種脆弱的和平感,最終為羅納德·裏根(Ronald Reagan)在1980的決定性勝利奠定了基礎,並開始了冷戰的最後階段。「1970代後期的預期危機,混亂和動蕩」記載了1978末至1979的權力轉移,其影響至今仍在感受到。伊朗革命和人質危機這一時期最重要的事件之一是伊朗革命,這場革命導致了人質危機,並奪取了美國駐德黑蘭大使館。這場危機持續了4444天,導致52名美國外交官和公民被俘。這一事件產生了深遠的影響,包括卡特政府未能挽救人質,這註定了他擔任總統並為裏根當選鋪平了道路。

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