BOOKS - Decision-Making and Law: Normative Rationality or Evolutive Rationality?
Decision-Making and Law: Normative Rationality or Evolutive Rationality? - Silvia Dell’orco March 21, 2018 PDF  BOOKS
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Decision-Making and Law: Normative Rationality or Evolutive Rationality?
Author: Silvia Dell’orco
Year: March 21, 2018
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.7 MB
Language: English



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Drawing on theoretical studies and experimental research in psychology and cognitive neurosciences, the authors demonstrate how our brains do not rely on normative models of reasoning, but instead use an evolutive form of rationality that has been adaptive since the beginning of our species. This process is shaped by subjective and interindividual factors such as willingness to take risks, fear of consequences, and personal characteristics, leading to asymmetries between formal models of choice and real-world behavior. The book examines these issues through various legal contexts, including canon law, matrimonial institutions, and other areas of law, highlighting the limitations of informal choice criteria due to cognitive and contextual elements.
Опираясь на теоретические исследования и экспериментальные исследования в области психологии и когнитивных нейронаук, авторы демонстрируют, как наш мозг не полагается на нормативные модели рассуждений, а вместо этого использует эволюционную форму рациональности, которая была адаптивной с самого начала нашего вида. Этот процесс формируется субъективными и межиндивидуальными факторами, такими как готовность рисковать, страх последствий и личностные характеристики, что приводит к асимметрии между формальными моделями выбора и реальным поведением. Книга рассматривает эти вопросы в различных правовых контекстах, включая каноническое право, матримониальные институты и другие области права, подчеркивая ограничения неформальных критериев выбора из-за когнитивных и контекстуальных элементов.
S'appuyant sur des études théoriques et expérimentales dans le domaine de la psychologie et des neurosciences cognitives, les auteurs démontrent comment notre cerveau ne s'appuie pas sur des modèles normatifs de raisonnement, mais utilise plutôt une forme évolutive de rationalité qui a été adaptative depuis le début de notre espèce. Ce processus est façonné par des facteurs subjectifs et inter-individuels tels que la volonté de prendre des risques, la peur des conséquences et les caractéristiques personnelles, conduisant à une asymétrie entre les modèles formels de choix et le comportement réel. livre aborde ces questions dans divers contextes juridiques, y compris le droit canonique, les institutions matrimoniales et d'autres domaines du droit, soulignant les limites des critères informels de sélection en raison des éléments cognitifs et contextuels.
Basándose en la investigación teórica y experimental en el campo de la psicología y las neurociencias cognitivas, los autores demuestran cómo nuestro cerebro no se apoya en modelos normativos de razonamiento, sino que utiliza una forma evolutiva de racionalidad que ha sido adaptativa desde el principio de nuestra especie. Este proceso está formado por factores subjetivos e interindividuales, como la voluntad de arriesgar, el miedo a las consecuencias y las características personales, lo que lleva a una asimetría entre los modelos formales de elección y el comportamiento real. libro aborda estas cuestiones en diferentes contextos jurídicos, incluyendo el derecho canónico, las instituciones matrimoniales y otros campos del derecho, destacando las limitaciones de los criterios informales de elección debido a los elementos cognitivos y contextuales.
Com base em estudos teóricos e estudos experimentais sobre psicologia e neurociências cognitivas, os autores demonstram como o nosso cérebro não depende de modelos regulatórios de raciocínio, mas usa uma forma evolucionária de racionalidade que tem sido adaptável desde o início da nossa espécie. Este processo é formado por fatores subjetivos e intersindivais, como a vontade de correr riscos, o medo dos efeitos e as características de personalidade, resultando em assimetria entre os modelos formais de escolha e o comportamento real. O livro aborda estas questões em vários contextos legais, incluindo o direito canônico, instituições matrimoniais e outras áreas do direito, enfatizando as limitações dos critérios informais de escolha devido aos elementos cognitivos e contextuais.
Basandosi su studi teorici e studi sperimentali in psicologia e neuroscienze cognitive, gli autori dimostrano come il nostro cervello non si affida a modelli normativi di ragionamento, e invece utilizza una forma evolutiva di razionalità che è stata adattiva fin dall'inizio della nostra specie. Questo processo è formato da fattori soggettivi e intersindulari, come la volontà di rischiare, la paura delle conseguenze e le caratteristiche personali, che si traduce in asimmetria tra modelli formali di scelta e comportamenti reali. Il libro affronta queste questioni in diversi contesti legali, tra cui il diritto canonico, le istituzioni matrimoniali e altre aree del diritto, sottolineando i limiti dei criteri di scelta informali a causa degli elementi cognitivi e contestuali.
Aufbauend auf theoretischer Forschung und experimenteller Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Psychologie und der kognitiven Neurowissenschaften zeigen die Autoren, wie unser Gehirn nicht auf normative Denkmodelle angewiesen ist, sondern stattdessen eine evolutionäre Form der Rationalität verwendet, die seit Beginn unserer Spezies adaptiv ist. Dieser Prozess wird von subjektiven und interindividuellen Faktoren wie Risikobereitschaft, Angst vor Konsequenzen und Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen geprägt, was zu einer Asymmetrie zwischen formalen Entscheidungsmustern und realem Verhalten führt. Das Buch befasst sich mit diesen Fragen in verschiedenen rechtlichen Kontexten, einschließlich des kanonischen Rechts, der matrimonialen Institutionen und anderer Rechtsgebiete, und betont die Grenzen informeller Auswahlkriterien aufgrund kognitiver und kontextueller Elemente.
Opierając się na teoretycznych i eksperymentalnych badaniach psychologii i neurobiologii poznawczej, autorzy pokazują, w jaki sposób nasze mózgi nie polegają na normatywnych modelach rozumowania, ale zamiast tego wykorzystują ewolucyjną formę racjonalności, która jest adaptacyjna od początku naszego gatunku. Proces ten kształtują subiektywne i międzyosobowe czynniki, takie jak chęć podejmowania ryzyka, strach przed konsekwencjami i cechy osobowości, prowadzące do asymetrii między formalnymi wzorcami wyboru a rzeczywistym zachowaniem. W książce uwzględniono te kwestie w różnych kontekstach prawnych, w tym w prawie kanonicznym, instytucjach małżeńskich i innych dziedzinach prawa, podkreślając ograniczenia nieformalnych kryteriów selekcji ze względu na elementy poznawcze i kontekstowe.
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Psikoloji ve bilişsel sinirbilimlerdeki teorik ve deneysel araştırmalardan yararlanan yazarlar, beyinlerimizin normatif akıl yürütme modellerine dayanmadığını, bunun yerine türümüzün başlangıcından bu yana uyarlanabilir olan evrimsel bir rasyonellik biçimini kullandığını göstermektedir. Bu süreç, risk alma isteği, sonuçlardan korkma ve kişilik özellikleri gibi öznel ve bireyler arası faktörlerle şekillenir ve resmi seçim kalıpları ile gerçek davranış arasında asimetrilere yol açar. Kitap, bu konuları kanon hukuku, evlilik kurumları ve hukukun diğer alanları da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli yasal bağlamlarda ele almakta ve bilişsel ve bağlamsal unsurlar nedeniyle gayri resmi seçim kriterlerinin sınırlamalarını vurgulamaktadır.
بالاعتماد على الأبحاث النظرية والتجريبية في علم النفس وعلوم الأعصاب المعرفية، يوضح المؤلفون كيف أن أدمغتنا لا تعتمد على النماذج المعيارية للتفكير، ولكن بدلاً من ذلك تستخدم شكلاً تطوريًا من العقلانية التي كانت قابلة للتكيف منذ بداية جنسنا البشري. تتشكل هذه العملية من خلال عوامل ذاتية وفردية مثل الاستعداد للمخاطرة، والخوف من العواقب، وخصائص الشخصية، مما يؤدي إلى عدم التماثل بين الأنماط الرسمية للاختيار والسلوك الفعلي. ينظر الكتاب في هذه القضايا في سياقات قانونية مختلفة، بما في ذلك القانون الكنسي، والمؤسسات الزوجية، ومجالات أخرى من القانون، مع التأكيد على قيود معايير الاختيار غير الرسمية بسبب العناصر المعرفية والسياقية.
借鑒心理學和認知神經科學領域的理論研究和實驗研究,作者展示了我們的大腦如何不依賴規範的推理模型,而是使用自物種開始以來就具有適應性的理性的進化形式。這個過程是由主觀和個體間因素形成的,例如冒險的意願,對後果的恐懼和個人特征,從而導致正式的選擇模式與實際行為之間的不對稱。該書在各種法律背景下解決了這些問題,包括佳能法,母系制度和其他法律領域,強調了由於認知和上下文因素而對非正式選擇標準的限制。

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