BOOKS - Thirty Years War
Thirty Years War -  1980 PDF Hippocrene Books BOOKS
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Thirty Years War
Year: 1980
Pages: 288
Format: PDF



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The Thirty Years War was a devastating conflict that lasted from 1618 to 1648 and involved most of Europe, including Germany, Italy, France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. It was one of the longest and bloodiest wars in European history, causing widespread destruction and famine, and killing an estimated eight million people. The war was fought between Protestant and Catholic states, with the Protestant side eventually emerging victorious. However, the war had far-reaching consequences for all sides involved, leading to significant social, political, and economic changes that shaped the course of European history for centuries to come. One of the key factors that contributed to the outbreak of the Thirty Years War was the religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics in Europe. At the time, religion played a central role in the lives of people, and the Protestant Reformation had created deep divisions within the Christian world. Protestantism had gained popularity in many parts of Europe, particularly in Germany, where it challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. The war began when the Protestant Frederick V, Elector Palatine, was elected King of Bohemia in 1619, sparking resistance from Catholic powers such as Austria and Spain. The war was marked by brutal violence and widespread destruction, including the sacking of cities and towns, the destruction of crops and livestock, and the displacement of millions of people. It also saw the rise of mercenary armies, which were often motivated by greed and plunder rather than loyalty to their employers.
Тридцатилетняя война была разрушительным конфликтом, который продолжался с 1618 по 1648 год и охватил большую часть Европы, включая Германию, Италию, Францию, Испанию и Священную Римскую империю. Это была одна из самых продолжительных и кровопролитных войн в европейской истории, вызвавшая повсеместные разрушения и голод и убившая, по оценкам, восемь миллионов человек. Война велась между протестантскими и католическими государствами, протестантская сторона в итоге вышла победителем. Однако война имела далеко идущие последствия для всех вовлеченных сторон, что привело к значительным социальным, политическим и экономическим изменениям, которые сформировали ход европейской истории на долгие века. Одним из ключевых факторов, способствовавших началу Тридцатилетней войны, стала религиозная напряженность между протестантами и католиками в Европе. В то время религия играла центральную роль в жизни людей, а протестантская Реформация породила глубокие разногласия в христианском мире. Протестантизм приобрел популярность во многих частях Европы, особенно в Германии, где он бросил вызов авторитету католической церкви. Война началась, когда протестантский Фридрих V, курфюрст Пфальцский, был избран королём Чехии в 1619 году, что вызвало сопротивление со стороны католических держав, таких как Австрия и Испания. Война была отмечена жестоким насилием и широкомасштабными разрушениями, включая разграбление городов и поселков, уничтожение сельскохозяйственных культур и скота, а также перемещение миллионов людей. Это также привело к росту наёмных армий, которые часто мотивировались жадностью и грабежом, а не лояльностью к своим работодателям.
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