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THE ORIGINS OF THE DRUZE PEOPLE AND RELIGION WITH EXTRACTS FROM THEIR SACRED WRITINGS (The mysterious religion of esoteric ethnoreligithe group of Lebanon) - Annotated DRUZE BELIEFS PRACTICE FOR LIFE - Philip Khuri Hitti July 1, 2007 PDF  BOOKS
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THE ORIGINS OF THE DRUZE PEOPLE AND RELIGION WITH EXTRACTS FROM THEIR SACRED WRITINGS (The mysterious religion of esoteric ethnoreligithe group of Lebanon) - Annotated DRUZE BELIEFS PRACTICE FOR LIFE
Author: Philip Khuri Hitti
Year: July 1, 2007
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 4.2 MB
Language: English



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The Origins of the Druze People and Religion Introduction The Druze are an enigmatic ethnoreligious group predominantly residing in Lebanon, Syria, and Israel. Their religion has long been shrouded in mystery, sparking curiosity and speculation among scholars and outsiders alike. In the 19th century, manuscript copies of their sacred writings were secretly transported to European and American collections, allowing scholars to delve into the origins and history of the Druze faith. This monograph, penned by renowned Arabist Philip K. Hitti in the early 20th century, explores the genesis and evolution of the Druze people and religion, offering a glimpse into their esoteric beliefs and practices. The Origins of the Druze People According to Hitti, the Druze trace their roots back to the ancient Near East, specifically the Persian Empire. They believe themselves to be descendants of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, with a lineage that can be traced back to the time of Jesus Christ. The Druze religion is built upon the teachings of Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle, as well as Islamic theology and Gnosticism. Their beliefs are rooted in the concept of tawhid (the oneness of God), which emphasizes the unity of all things and the interconnectedness of the universe. Sacred Writings The Druze have a unique religious literature that includes texts from various sources, including the Quran, the Bible, and other ancient scriptures. These texts are considered sacred and are only accessible to initiated members of the faith. Some of these writings include: 1.
Происхождение друзского народа и религия Введение Друзы - загадочная этнорелигиозная группа, преимущественно проживающая в Ливане, Сирии и Израиле. Их религия долгое время была окутана тайной, вызывая любопытство и спекуляции как среди ученых, так и среди посторонних. В XIX веке рукописные копии их священных сочинений были тайно перевезены в европейские и американские коллекции, что позволило учёным углубиться в истоки и историю друзской веры. Эта монография, написанная известным арабистом Филипом Хитти в начале 20-го века, исследует происхождение и эволюцию друзского народа и религии, предлагая взглянуть на их эзотерические убеждения и практики. Происхождение народа друзов Согласно Хитти, друзы ведут свои корни от древнего Ближнего Востока, в частности Персидской империи. Они считают себя потомками древних ассирийцев и вавилонян, их родословная восходит ко временам Иисуса Христа. Друзская религия основана на учениях греческих философов, таких как Платон и Аристотель, а также на исламской теологии и гностицизме. Их верования коренятся в понятии таухид (единство Бога), которое подчеркивает единство всех вещей и взаимосвязанность мироздания. Священные писания Друзы имеют уникальную религиозную литературу, которая включает тексты из различных источников, включая Коран, Библию и другие древние писания. Эти тексты считаются священными и доступны только посвящённым членам веры. Некоторые из этих сочинений включают: 1.
Origine du peuple druze et religion Introduction Druze est un mystérieux groupe ethnoreligieux qui vit principalement au Liban, en Syrie et en Israël. ur religion a longtemps été enveloppée de mystère, suscitant curiosité et spéculation, tant parmi les scientifiques que parmi les étrangers. Au XIXe siècle, des copies manuscrites de leurs écrits sacrés ont été secrètement transportées dans les collections européennes et américaines, ce qui a permis aux scientifiques d'approfondir les origines et l'histoire de la foi druze. Cette monographie, écrite par le célèbre arabe Philip Hitty au début du 20ème siècle, explore les origines et l'évolution du peuple et de la religion druzes en suggérant un regard sur leurs croyances et pratiques ésotériques. L'origine du peuple druze Selon Hitty, les druzes sont originaires de l'ancien Moyen-Orient, en particulier de l'Empire perse. Ils se considèrent comme les descendants des anciens Assyriens et des Babyloniens, leur lignée remonte à l'époque de Jésus Christ. La religion druze est basée sur les enseignements de philosophes grecs comme Platon et Aristote, ainsi que sur la théologie islamique et le gnosticisme. urs croyances sont enracinées dans la notion de tauhid (unité de Dieu), qui souligne l'unité de toutes les choses et l'interdépendance de l'univers. s Écritures sacrées druzes ont une littérature religieuse unique qui comprend des textes de diverses sources, y compris le Coran, la Bible et d'autres Écritures anciennes. Ces textes sont considérés comme sacrés et ne sont accessibles qu'aux membres dédiés de la foi. Certains de ces écrits comprennent : 1.
Origen del pueblo druso y religión Introducción Drusa es un misterioso grupo etnorreligioso que vive principalmente en Líbano, ria e Israel. Su religión estuvo envuelta durante mucho tiempo en el misterio, despertando curiosidad y especulación tanto entre los eruditos como entre los forasteros. En el siglo XIX, las copias manuscritas de sus escritos sagrados fueron transportadas secretamente a colecciones europeas y estadounidenses, lo que permitió a los estudiosos profundizar en los orígenes e historia de la fe drusa. Esta monografía, escrita por el célebre arabista Philip Hitti a principios del siglo XX, explora el origen y evolución del pueblo druso y la religión, invitando a mirar sus creencias y prácticas esotéricas. origen del pueblo druso Según Hitti, los drusos tienen sus raíces del antiguo Oriente Medio, en particular el Imperio persa. Se consideran descendientes de los antiguos asirios y babilonios, su linaje se remonta a los tiempos de Jesucristo. La religión drusa se basa en las enseñanzas de filósofos griegos como Platón y Aristóteles, así como en la teología islámica y el gnosticismo. Sus creencias están arraigadas en la noción de tauhid (unidad de Dios), que enfatiza la unidad de todas las cosas y la interconexión del universo maestro. Sagradas Escrituras Drusas tienen una literatura religiosa única que incluye textos de varias fuentes, incluyendo el Corán, la Biblia y otras escrituras antiguas. Estos textos son considerados sagrados y sólo están disponibles para los miembros dedicados de la fe. Algunos de estos escritos incluyen: 1.
A origem do povo druso e a religião Introdução Drusa é um grupo étnico misterioso que vive predominantemente no Líbano, na Síria e em Israel. A religião deles foi envolta em mistério durante muito tempo, despertando curiosidade e especulação entre cientistas e estranhos. No século XIX, cópias escritas de seus escritos sagrados foram secretamente transportadas para coleções europeias e americanas, permitindo que os cientistas se aprofundassem nas origens e na história da fé drusa. Esta monografia, escrita pelo famoso árabe Philip Hitty no início do século 20, explora as origens e a evolução do povo e religião druso, oferecendo uma visão de suas crenças e práticas esotéricas. De acordo com Hitty, os drusos conduzem suas raízes do Oriente Médio antigo, especialmente o Império Persa. Eles se consideram descendentes de antigos assírios e babilônios, sua linhagem remonta aos tempos de Jesus Cristo. A religião drusa é baseada em ensinamentos de filósofos gregos, como Platão e Aristóteles, e em teologia islâmica e gnosticismo. Suas crenças estão fundadas no conceito de tuhida (unidade de Deus), que enfatiza a união de todas as coisas e a interligação do mundo. As escrituras sagradas de Drusa têm uma literatura religiosa única que inclui textos de várias fontes, incluindo o Alcorão, a Bíblia e outras escrituras antigas. Estes textos são considerados sagrados e estão disponíveis apenas para membros dedicados da fé. Alguns destes escritos incluem: 1.
Origine del popolo druso e religione Introduzione di Drusa è un misterioso gruppo etnorealistico che vive prevalentemente in Libano, ria e Israele. La loro religione è stata per molto tempo avvolta nel mistero, suscitando curiosità e speculazione sia tra gli scienziati che tra gli estranei. Nel XIX secolo, copie scritte a mano dei loro saggi sacri furono trasportate segretamente nelle collezioni europee e americane, permettendo agli scienziati di approfondirsi nelle origini e nella storia della fede drusa. Questa monografia, scritta dal celebre arabista Philip Hitti all'inizio del ventesimo secolo, esplora l'origine e l'evoluzione del popolo e della religione drusi, offrendo uno sguardo alle loro convinzioni e pratiche esoteriche. origini del popolo druso Secondo Hitti, i drusi conducono le loro radici dall'antico Medio Oriente, in particolare l'impero persiano. Essi si considerano discendenti degli antichi assiri e babilonesi, la loro famiglia risale ai tempi di Gesù Cristo. La religione drusa si basa sugli insegnamenti dei filosofi greci, come Platone e Aristotele, e sulla teologia islamica e il gnosticismo. loro credenze si fondano nel concetto di tauhid (l'unità di Dio), che sottolinea l'unità di tutte le cose e l'interconnessione dell'universo. scritture sacre druse hanno una letteratura religiosa unica che comprende testi provenienti da varie fonti, tra cui il Corano, la Bibbia e altre scritture antiche. Questi testi sono considerati sacri e sono accessibili solo ai membri dedicati alla fede. Alcuni di questi saggi includono: 1.
Herkunft des drusischen Volkes und Religion Einführung Die Drusen sind eine geheimnisvolle ethno-religiöse Gruppe, die hauptsächlich im Libanon, in Syrien und in Israel lebt. Ihre Religion war lange Zeit in ein Geheimnis gehüllt, das Neugier und Spekulationen unter Wissenschaftlern und Außenstehenden hervorrief. Im 19. Jahrhundert wurden handschriftliche Kopien ihrer heiligen Schriften heimlich in europäische und amerikanische Sammlungen transportiert, so dass die Wissenschaftler tiefer in die Ursprünge und Geschichte des drusischen Glaubens eintauchen konnten. Diese Monographie, die Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts vom berühmten Arabisten Philip Hitti verfasst wurde, untersucht die Ursprünge und die Entwicklung des drusischen Volkes und der Religion und bietet einen Einblick in ihre esoterischen Überzeugungen und Praktiken. Ursprung des Volkes der Drusen Laut Hitti haben die Drusen ihre Wurzeln im alten Nahen Osten, insbesondere im Persischen Reich. e sehen sich als Nachkommen der alten Assyrer und Babylonier, deren Abstammung bis in die Zeit Jesu Christi zurückreicht. Die drusische Religion basiert auf den hren griechischer Philosophen wie Platon und Aristoteles sowie auf islamischer Theologie und Gnostizismus. Ihr Glaube wurzelt im Konzept der Tauhiden (Einheit Gottes), das die Einheit aller Dinge und die Verbundenheit des Universums betont. Die Schriften der Drusen verfügen über eine einzigartige religiöse Literatur, die Texte aus verschiedenen Quellen enthält, darunter den Koran, die Bibel und andere alte Schriften. Diese Texte gelten als heilig und sind nur den eingeweihten Mitgliedern des Glaubens zugänglich. Einige dieser Schriften umfassen: 1.
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Dürzi halkının ve dininin kökeni Dürzi'nin ortaya çıkışı, çoğunlukla Lübnan, Suriye ve İsrail'de yaşayan gizemli bir etnik-dini gruptur. Dinleri uzun zamandır gizemle örtülmüş, alimler ve yabancılar arasında merak ve spekülasyona yol açmıştır. 19. yüzyılda, kutsal eserlerinin el yazısı kopyaları gizlice Avrupa ve Amerikan koleksiyonlarına nakledildi ve bu da bilim adamlarının Dürzi inancının kökenlerini ve tarihini araştırmalarına izin verdi. 20. yüzyılın başlarında ünlü Arabist Philip Hitty tarafından yazılan bu monografi, Dürzi halkının ve dininin kökenlerini ve evrimini araştırıyor ve ezoterik inanç ve uygulamalarına bir bakış sunuyor. Hitti'ye göre, Dürziler köklerini eski Yakın Doğu'ya, özellikle Pers İmparatorluğu'na kadar izler. Kendilerini, ataları İsa Mesih'in zamanına dayanan eski Asurluların ve Babillilerin torunları olarak görüyorlar. Dürzi dini, Platon ve Aristoteles gibi Yunan filozoflarının öğretilerinin yanı sıra İslam teolojisi ve Gnostisizm'e dayanmaktadır. İnançları, her şeyin birliğini ve evrenin birbirine bağlılığını vurgulayan tevhid (Tanrı'nın birliği) kavramına dayanır. Dürzi kutsal yazıları, Kuran, İncil ve diğer eski kutsal yazılar da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli kaynaklardan gelen metinleri içeren benzersiz bir dini literatüre sahiptir. Bu metinler kutsal kabul edilir ve yalnızca inancın adanmış üyeleri tarafından kullanılabilir. Bu yazılardan bazıları şunlardır: 1.
أصل الدروز والدين إدخال الدروز مجموعة عرقية دينية غامضة، تعيش بشكل أساسي في لبنان وسوريا وإسرائيل. لطالما كان الغموض يكتنف دينهم، مما أثار الفضول والتكهنات بين العلماء والغرباء على حد سواء. في القرن التاسع عشر، تم نقل نسخ مكتوبة بخط اليد من أعمالهم المقدسة سراً إلى المجموعات الأوروبية والأمريكية، مما سمح للعلماء بالتعمق في أصول وتاريخ العقيدة الدرزية. كتبه المستعرب الشهير فيليب هيتي في أوائل القرن العشرين، تستكشف هذه الدراسة أصول وتطور الشعب الدرزي والدين، وتقدم نظرة على معتقداتهم وممارساتهم الباطنية. وفقا لحيتي، يتتبع الدروز جذورهم إلى الشرق الأدنى القديم، ولا سيما الإمبراطورية الفارسية. فهم يعتبرون انفسهم احفاد الآشوريين والبابليين القدماء، اصولهم تعود الى زمن يسوع المسيح. تستند الديانة الدرزية إلى تعاليم الفلاسفة اليونانيين مثل أفلاطون وأرسطو، بالإضافة إلى اللاهوت الإسلامي والغنوصية. إن معتقداتهم متجذرة في مفهوم التوحيد (وحدة الله)، الذي يؤكد على وحدة كل الأشياء وترابط الكون. تحتوي الآيات الدرزية على مؤلفات دينية فريدة تتضمن نصوصًا من مصادر مختلفة، بما في ذلك القرآن والكتاب المقدس وآيات قديمة أخرى. تعتبر هذه النصوص مقدسة ومتاحة فقط لأعضاء الإيمان المتفانين. بعض هذه الكتابات تشمل: 1.

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