BOOKS - The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations 1875-1890
The Decline of Bismarck
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The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations 1875-1890
Author: George Frost Kennan
Year: September 1, 2020
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 36 MB
Language: English



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The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890 Introduction: In his book, The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890, George Kennan sets out to uncover the underlying origins of World War I, focusing on a specific sector of offstage events that had a profound impact on the larger drama that unfolded. He begins by highlighting the stark contrast between the apocalyptic consequences of the war and the delirious euphoria of the crowds on the streets of Europe at its outbreak in 1914. This seminal catastrophe, as he calls it, marked the failure and decline of Western civilization, leaving us with a sense of pervasive failure to read correctly the outward indicators of our situation. From this perspective, Kennan embarks on a microhistory of the Franco-Russian relationship in the 1870s, seeking to understand the motivations that led nations down the path towards the horrors of the First World War. Chapter 1: The Rise of Bismarck's European Order In the first chapter, Kennan paints a vivid picture of the rise of Otto von Bismarck's European order, which dominated the political landscape of the late 19th century. Bismarck, the Chancellor of Germany, was a master strategist who skillfully navigated the complex web of alliances and rivalries that defined the era.
The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890 Introduction: In his book, The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890, George Kennan tainted to discover the learbase origins of World War, focating on a specific sector of offstage of offstage оказал глубокое влияние на развернувшуюся более масштабную драму. Он начинает с того, что подчеркивает резкий контраст между апокалиптическими последствиями войны и бредовой эйфорией толпы на улицах Европы во время ее вспышки в 1914 году. Эта основополагающая катастрофа, как он ее называет, ознаменовала провал и упадок западной цивилизации, оставив у нас чувство всепроникающей неспособности правильно читать внешние показатели нашей ситуации. С этой точки зрения Кеннан приступает к микроистории франко-русских отношений 1870-х годов, стремясь понять мотивы, которые привели народы по пути к ужасам Первой мировой войны. Глава 1: Возвышение европейского порядка Бисмарка В первой главе Кеннан рисует яркую картину возвышения европейского порядка Отто фон Бисмарка, который доминировал в политическом ландшафте конца XIX века. Бисмарк, канцлер Германии, был мастером-стратегом, умело ориентировавшимся в сложной паутине союзов и соперничества, определявших эпоху.
The Decline of Bismarck's European Order : Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890 Introduction : Dans son livre, The Decline of Bismarck's European Order : Franco-Russian Relations, 1875 - 1890, George Kennan tainted to discover the learbase origins of World War, focating on a specific sector of offstage of offstage a eu un impact profond sur le drame qui s'est déroulé à plus grande échelle. Il commence par souligner le contraste entre les conséquences apocalyptiques de la guerre et l'euphorie délirante de la foule dans les rues d'Europe lors de son éclosion en 1914. Cette catastrophe sous-jacente, comme il l'appelle, a marqué l'échec et le déclin de la civilisation occidentale, nous laissant le sentiment d'une incapacité totale à lire correctement les indicateurs extérieurs de notre situation. De ce point de vue, Kennan se lance dans une microhistoire des relations franco-russes des années 1870, cherchant à comprendre les motivations qui ont conduit les peuples sur le chemin des horreurs de la Première Guerre mondiale. Chapitre 1 : L'ascension de l'ordre européen de Bismarck Dans le premier chapitre, Kennan dresse un tableau frappant de l'ascension de l'ordre européen d'Otto von Bismarck, qui a dominé le paysage politique de la fin du XIXe siècle. Bismarck, le chancelier allemand, était un maître stratège qui naviguait habilement dans un réseau complexe d'alliances et de rivalités qui déterminaient l'époque.
The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Relaciones franco-rusas, 1875-1890 Introducción: En su libro, La decisión de Bismarck's European Order: Relaciones franco-rusas, 1875-1890, George Kennan tainted to discover the learbase origins of World War, focating on a specific sector of offstage of offstage ha tenido un profundo impacto en el desenvolvimiento de un drama a mayor escala. Comienza destacando el marcado contraste entre las consecuencias apocalípticas de la guerra y la delirante euforia de la multitud en las calles de durante su estallido en 1914. Esta catástrofe subyacente, como la llama, ha marcado el fracaso y el declive de la civilización occidental, dejándonos con una sensación de incapacidad omnipresente para leer correctamente los indicadores externos de nuestra situación. Desde esta perspectiva, Kennan se embarca en la microhistoria de las relaciones franco-rusas de la década de 1870, buscando entender los motivos que llevaron a los pueblos en su camino hacia los horrores de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Capítulo 1: La exaltación del orden europeo de Bismarck En el primer capítulo, Kennan dibuja una imagen vívida de la exaltación del orden europeo de Otto von Bismarck, que dominó el paisaje político de finales del siglo XIX. Bismarck, canciller de Alemania, fue un estratega maestro que navegó hábilmente en la compleja red de alianzas y rivalidades que definieron la época.
The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Communications, 1875-1890 Introdução: In his book, The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Russell, 1875-1890, George Kennan tainted to discover the learbase origins of World War, o focating on a seor específico of offstage of offstage influenciou profundamente o drama em grande escala. Ele começa por ressaltar o contraste acentuado entre os efeitos apocalípticos da guerra e a euforia delirante das multidões nas ruas da durante o seu surto em 1914. Este desastre fundamental, como ele o chama, marcou o fracasso e o declínio da civilização ocidental, deixando-nos um sentimento de incapacidade de ler corretamente os indicadores externos da nossa situação. Neste ponto de vista, Kennan está começando a microestoria das relações franco-russas nos anos 1870, procurando compreender os motivos que levaram as nações ao caminho dos horrores da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Capítulo 1: Elevação da ordem europeia Bismarck No primeiro capítulo, Kennan traça uma imagem brilhante da ascensão da ordem europeia de Otto von Bismarck, que dominou a paisagem política no final do século XIX. Bismarck, chanceler da Alemanha, foi um estrategista-mestre habilidoso na complexa teia de alianças e rivalidades que definiram a era.
The Decline of Bismarcks European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890 Einleitung: In seinem Buch, The Decline of Bismarcks European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890, Geo orge Kennan tainted to discover the learbase origins of World War, focating on a specific sector of offstage of offstage hatte einen tiefgreifenden Einfluss auf das sich entfaltende größere Drama. Er beginnt damit, den scharfen Kontrast zwischen den apokalyptischen Auswirkungen des Krieges und der wahnhaften Euphorie des Mobs auf den Straßen s während seines Ausbruchs im Jahr 1914 hervorzuheben. Diese grundlegende Katastrophe, wie er sie nennt, markierte das Scheitern und den Niedergang der westlichen Zivilisation und ließ uns ein Gefühl der allgegenwärtigen Unfähigkeit, die äußeren Indikatoren unserer tuation richtig zu lesen. Aus dieser Perspektive geht Kennan auf die Mikrogeschichte der französisch-russischen Beziehungen der 1870er Jahre ein und versucht, die Motive zu verstehen, die die Völker auf dem Weg zu den Schrecken des Ersten Weltkriegs geführt haben. Kapitel 1: Der Aufstieg der europäischen Ordnung Bismarcks Im ersten Kapitel zeichnet Kennan ein lebendiges Bild vom Aufstieg der europäischen Ordnung Otto von Bismarcks, der die politische Landschaft des späten 19. Jahrhunderts beherrschte. Bismarck, der deutsche Kanzler, war ein Meisterstratege, der sich geschickt in einem komplexen Geflecht von Allianzen und Rivalitäten zurechtfand, die eine Ära bestimmten.
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Bismarck'ın Avrupa Düzeninin Çöküşü: Fransız-Rus İlişkileri, 1875-1890 Giriş: Bismarck'ın Avrupa Düzeninin Çöküşü: Fransız-Rus İlişkileri, 1875-1890 adlı kitabında Gee orge Kennan, belirli bir sektöre odaklanarak Dünya Savaşı'nın temel kökenlerini keşfetmeye çalıştı Sahnenin dışında, ortaya çıkan daha büyük drama üzerinde derin bir etkisi oldu. Savaşın kıyamet sonrası ile 1914 patlaması sırasında Avrupa sokaklarında kalabalıkların sanrısal coşkusu arasındaki keskin karşıtlığı vurgulayarak başlıyor. Onun deyimiyle bu altta yatan felaket, Batı medeniyetinin başarısızlığını ve çöküşünü işaret etti ve bizi durumumuzun dış göstergelerini doğru bir şekilde okuyamama konusunda yaygın bir yetersizlik duygusu bıraktı. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, Kennan, 1870'lerde Fransız-Rus ilişkilerinin bir mikro tarihine başlıyor ve ulusları I. Dünya Savaşı'nın dehşetine götüren nedenleri anlamaya çalışıyor Bölüm 1: İlk bölümde Kennan, Otto von Bismarck'ın 19. yüzyılın sonlarındaki siyasi manzaraya egemen olan Avrupa düzeninin yükselişinin canlı bir resmini çiziyor. Alman şansölyesi Bismarck, dönemi tanımlayan karmaşık ittifaklar ve rekabetler ağında ustaca gezinen usta bir stratejistti.
تراجع النظام الأوروبي لبسمارك: العلاقات الفرنسية الروسية، 1875-1890 مقدمة: في كتابه، تراجع النظام الأوروبي لبسمارك: العلاقات الفرنسية الروسية، 1875-1890، تلوث جي أورج كينان لاكتشاف قاعدة التعلم أصول الحرب العالمية، كان للتركيز على قطاع معين خارج المسرح تأثير عميق على الدراما الأكبر التي تكشفت. يبدأ بتسليط الضوء على التناقض الصارخ بين الآثار المروعة للحرب والنشوة الوهمية للحشود في شوارع أوروبا خلال اندلاعها عام 1914. هذه الكارثة الكامنة، كما يسميها، كانت علامة على فشل وانحطاط الحضارة الغربية، مما تركنا نشعر بالعجز المتفشي عن قراءة المؤشرات الخارجية لحالتنا بشكل صحيح. من هذا المنظور، يشرع كينان في تاريخ صغير للعلاقات الفرنسية الروسية في سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر، سعياً لفهم الدوافع التي قادت الأمم في طريقها إلى أهوال الحرب العالمية الأولى. الفصل 1: صعود النظام الأوروبي لبسمارك في الفصل الأول، يرسم كينان صورة حية لصعود النظام الأوروبي لأوتو فون بسمارك، الذي سيطر على المشهد السياسي في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر. كان بسمارك، المستشار الألماني، استراتيجيًا رئيسيًا، حيث كان يتنقل بمهارة في شبكة التحالفات والمنافسات المعقدة التي حددت العصر.

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