BOOKS - Great Games, Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia
Great Games, Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia - Alexander Cooley January 1, 2012 PDF  BOOKS
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Great Games, Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia
Author: Alexander Cooley
Year: January 1, 2012
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.0 MB
Language: English



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The Plot of Great Games Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia In the nineteenth century, the struggle between Russia and Great Britain over Central Asia was known as "the Great Game. " However, in the past quarter century, a new and even greater game has emerged, pitting America against a newly aggressive Russia and a resource-hungry China, all vying for influence over one of the most volatile regions in the world - the long border region stretching from Iran through Pakistan to Kashmir. In Great Games Local Rules, Alexander Cooley, one of America's most respected Central Asia experts, explores the dynamics of the new competition over the region since 9/11. All three great powers are pursuing important goals: the US seeks access to natural resources, China is after increased political influence, and Russia aims to reinforce its sovereignty. However, it is the local governments of Central Asia that have proven to be powerful forces in their own right, establishing "local rules" that fend off foreign involvement, enrich themselves, and reinforce their authority. Cooley's careful and surprising explanation of how small states interact with great powers in this vital region greatly advances our understanding of how world politics actually works in this contemporary era. The Plot Unfolds The book begins by setting the stage for the new great game in Central Asia, highlighting the significance of the region and the motivations of the three great powers involved.
The Plot of Great Games Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia В девятнадцатом веке борьба между Россией и Великобританией за Центральную Азию была известна как "Великая игра. "Однако в последние четверть века возникла новая и еще большая игра, противопоставляющая Америку недавно агрессивной России и жадному до ресурсов Китаю, которые все соперничают за влияние на один из самых нестабильных регионов мира - длинный пограничный регион, простирающийся от Ирана через Пакистан до Кашмира. В книге Great Games Local Rules Александр Кули, один из самых авторитетных экспертов Америки по Центральной Азии, исследует динамику нового соревнования над регионом с 9/11 года. Все три великие державы преследуют важные цели: США стремятся получить доступ к природным ресурсам, Китай - после усиления политического влияния, а Россия стремится укрепить свой суверенитет. Однако именно местные органы власти Центральной Азии оказались мощными силами сами по себе, установив «местные правила», которые парируют иностранное участие, обогащают себя и укрепляют свой авторитет. Осторожное и удивительное объяснение Кули того, как малые государства взаимодействуют с великими державами в этом жизненно важном регионе, значительно улучшает наше понимание того, как на самом деле работает мировая политика в эту современную эпоху. Сюжет разворачивается Книга начинается с подготовки почвы для новой великой игры в Центральной Азии, подчеркивая значимость региона и мотивации трех вовлеченных великих держав.
The Plot of Great Games Local Rules : The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia Au XIXe siècle, la lutte entre la Russie et le Royaume-Uni pour l'Asie centrale était connue sous le nom de « Grand Jeu ». "Cependant, au cours du dernier quart de siècle, il y a eu un nouveau jeu encore plus grand qui oppose l'Amérique à une Russie récemment agressive et à une Chine avide de ressources, qui sont toutes en compétition pour influencer l'une des régions les plus instables du monde - une longue région frontalière qui s'étend de l'Iran au Cachemire en passant par le Pakistan. Dans le livre Great Games Local Rules, Alexander Cooley, l'un des experts les plus réputés d'Amérique sur l'Asie centrale, explore la dynamique d'une nouvelle compétition sur la région depuis le 9/11. s trois grandes puissances poursuivent des objectifs importants : les États-Unis cherchent à accéder aux ressources naturelles, la Chine, après une influence politique accrue, et la Russie cherche à renforcer sa souveraineté. Mais ce sont les autorités locales d'Asie centrale qui se sont révélées être des forces puissantes en elles-mêmes, en établissant des « règles locales » qui parient sur la participation étrangère, s'enrichissent et renforcent leur crédibilité. L'explication prudente et surprenante de Cooley sur la façon dont les petits États interagissent avec les grandes puissances de cette région vitale améliore considérablement notre compréhension du fonctionnement réel de la politique mondiale à cette époque moderne. L'histoire se déroule livre commence par préparer le terrain pour un nouveau grand jeu en Asie centrale, soulignant l'importance de la région et la motivation des trois grandes puissances impliquées.
The Plot of Great Games Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia En el siglo XIX, la lucha entre Rusia y Gran Bretaña por Asia Central fue conocida como "Gran Juego. "n embargo, en el último cuarto de siglo ha surgido un nuevo y aún mayor juego que opone a Estados Unidos a una Rusia recientemente agresiva y a una China codiciosa a los recursos, que todos compiten por influir en una de las regiones más inestables del mundo - una larga región fronteriza que se extiende desde Irán a través de Pakistán hasta Cachemira. En el libro Grandes Juegos Locales Rules, Alexander Cooley, uno de los expertos más reputados de América para Asia Central, explora la dinámica de una nueva competencia sobre la región a partir del 9/11. tres grandes potencias persiguen objetivos importantes: Estados Unidos busca acceder a los recursos naturales, China tras aumentar su influencia política, y Rusia busca fortalecer su soberanía. n embargo, fueron los gobiernos locales de Asia Central los que demostraron ser poderosos en sí mismos al establecer «reglas locales» que contrarrestan la participación extranjera, se enriquecen y refuerzan su credibilidad. La explicación cautelosa y sorprendente de Cooley de cómo los pequeños estados interactúan con las grandes potencias en esta región vital mejora significativamente nuestra comprensión de cómo funciona realmente la política mundial en esta era moderna. La trama se desarrolla libro comienza preparando el terreno para un nuevo gran juego en Asia Central, destacando la importancia de la región y la motivación de las tres grandes potencias involucradas.
The Plot of Great Games Local Rulas: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia. "No entanto, no último quarto de século, surgiu um novo e ainda maior jogo que opõe a Rússia, recentemente agressiva, e a China, gananciosa em recursos, que competem para influenciar uma das regiões mais instáveis do mundo, a longa região fronteiriça que se estende do Irã ao Paquistão à Caxemira. No livro Great Games Local Rulas, Alexander Cooley, um dos mais proeminentes especialistas americanos na Ásia Central, explora a dinâmica de uma nova competição sobre a região a partir de 9/11. As três grandes potências têm objetivos importantes: os EUA procuram ter acesso a recursos naturais; a China, após uma maior influência política; e a Rússia procura fortalecer a sua soberania. No entanto, as autoridades locais da Ásia Central foram poderosas em si mesmas, estabelecendo «regras locais» que param a participação estrangeira, enriquecem-se e fortalecem a sua credibilidade. A explicação cautelosa e surpreendente de Cooley sobre a forma como os pequenos Estados interagem com as grandes potências nesta região vital melhora significativamente a nossa compreensão de como a política mundial realmente funciona nesta era moderna. A história é ambientada no Livro começa com a preparação do solo para um novo grande jogo na Ásia Central, enfatizando a importância da região e a motivação das três grandes potências envolvidas.
The Plot of Great Games Locali Rule: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia Nel diciannovesimo secolo la lotta tra la Russia e il Regno Unito per l'Asia centrale era conosciuta comè Il grande gioco. "Tuttavia, nell'ultimo quarto di secolo, è nato un nuovo e ancora più grande gioco che oppone l'America a una Russia recentemente aggressiva e alla Cina avida di risorse, che sono tutti in competizione per influenzare una delle regioni più instabili del mondo, la lunga regione di confine che si estende dall'Iran attraverso il Pakistan al Kashmir. Alexander Cooley, uno dei più autorevoli esperti americani in Asia centrale, ha esaminato le dinamiche di una nuova competizione sulla regione dal 9/11. Tutte e tre le grandi potenze perseguono obiettivi importanti: gli Stati Uniti cercano di accedere alle risorse naturali, la Cina dopo una maggiore influenza politica e la Russia cerca di rafforzare la propria sovranità. Ma sono le autorità locali dell'Asia centrale che si sono dimostrate potenti, stabilendo delle «regole locali» che paralizzano la partecipazione straniera, si arricchiscono e rafforzano la loro credibilità. La spiegazione cauta e sorprendente di Cooley di come i piccoli stati interagiscono con le grandi potenze in questa regione vitale migliora notevolmente la nostra comprensione di come funziona realmente la politica mondiale in questa era moderna. Il libro inizia con la preparazione del terreno per un nuovo grande gioco in Asia centrale, sottolineando l'importanza della regione e la motivazione delle tre grandi potenze coinvolte.
The Plot of Great Games Lokale Regeln: Der neue große Machtwettbewerb in Zentralasien Im 19. Jahrhundert wurde der Kampf zwischen Russland und Großbritannien um Zentralasien als "The Great Game. Im letzten Vierteljahrhundert ist jedoch ein neues und noch größeres Spiel entstanden, das Amerika mit dem kürzlich aggressiven Russland und dem rohstoffhungrigen China konfrontiert, die alle um Einfluss in einer der instabilsten Regionen der Welt wetteifern - einer langen Grenzregion, die sich vom Iran über Pakistan bis nach Kaschmir erstreckt. In Great Games Local Rules untersucht Alexander Cooley, einer der angesehensten Zentralasienexperten Amerikas, die Dynamik des neuen Wettbewerbs über die Region seit 9/11. Alle drei Großmächte verfolgen wichtige Ziele: Die USA streben nach Zugang zu natürlichen Ressourcen, China nach verstärktem politischen Einfluss und Russland nach Stärkung seiner Souveränität. Es sind jedoch die lokalen Regierungen Zentralasiens, die sich selbst als mächtige Kräfte erwiesen haben, indem sie „lokale Regeln“ aufgestellt haben, die der ausländischen Beteiligung entgegentreten, sich bereichern und ihre Glaubwürdigkeit stärken. Cooleys vorsichtige und überraschende Erklärung, wie kleine Staaten mit den Großmächten in dieser lebenswichtigen Region interagieren, verbessert unser Verständnis davon, wie die Weltpolitik in dieser modernen Zeit tatsächlich funktioniert. Die Handlung entfaltet sich. Das Buch beginnt mit der Vorbereitung des Bodens für ein neues großes Spiel in Zentralasien und unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Region und die Motivation der drei beteiligten Großmächte.
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Büyük Oyunların Konusu Yerel Kurallar: Orta Asya'da Yeni Büyük Güç Yarışması On dokuzuncu yüzyılda, Orta Asya için Rusya ve Büyük Britanya arasındaki mücadele "Büyük Oyun'olarak biliniyordu. Bununla birlikte, geçtiğimiz çeyrek yüzyılda Amerika'yı yeni agresif bir Rusya ve kaynak açlığı çeken Çin'e karşı, hepsi de dünyanın en değişken bölgelerinden biri üzerinde nüfuz sahibi olmak için yarışan yeni ve daha da büyük bir oyun ortaya çıktı - İran'dan Pakistan'a uzanan uzun bir sınır bölgesi Keşmir'e. Büyük Oyunlar Yerel Kurallarında, Amerika'nın Orta Asya'daki en köklü uzmanlarından biri olan Alexander Cooley, 9/11'ten bu yana bölge üzerindeki yeni bir rekabetin dinamiklerini araştırıyor. Her üç büyük gücün de önemli hedefleri var: ABD doğal kaynaklara erişim istiyor, Çin - siyasi nüfuzunu artırdıktan sonra ve Rusya egemenliğini güçlendirmek istiyor. Bununla birlikte, Orta Asya'nın yerel yönetimleri, kendi başlarına güçlü güçler olduklarını kanıtlamış, yabancı katılımı engelleyen, kendilerini zenginleştiren ve güvenilirliklerini artıran "yerel kurallar" oluşturmuşlardır. Cooley'in küçük devletlerin bu hayati bölgedeki büyük güçlerle nasıl etkileşime girdiğine dair dikkatli ve şaşırtıcı açıklaması, dünya siyasetinin bu modern çağda nasıl işlediğine dair anlayışımızı büyük ölçüde geliştiriyor. Kitap, Orta Asya'da yeni bir büyük oyun için zemin hazırlayarak, bölgenin önemini ve ilgili üç büyük gücün motivasyonlarını vurgulayarak başlar.
The Plot of Great Games Local Rules: The New Great Power Contest in Central Asia في القرن التاسع عشر، عُرف الصراع بين روسيا وبريطانيا العظمى من أجل آسيا الوسطى باسم «Great Game». "ومع ذلك، ظهرت لعبة جديدة وأكبر في ربع القرن الماضي تضع أمريكا في مواجهة روسيا العدوانية الجديدة والصين المتعطشة للموارد، وكلها تتنافس على النفوذ على واحدة من أكثر مناطق العالم اضطرابًا - منطقة حدودية طويلة تمتد من إيران عبر باكستان إلى كشمير. في القواعد المحلية للألعاب الكبرى، يستكشف ألكسندر كولي، أحد أكثر الخبراء الأمريكيين شهرة في آسيا الوسطى، ديناميكيات المنافسة الجديدة على المنطقة منذ عام 9/11. للقوى العظمى الثلاث أهداف مهمة: الولايات المتحدة تسعى للوصول إلى الموارد الطبيعية، والصين - بعد زيادة النفوذ السياسي، وروسيا تسعى إلى تعزيز سيادتها. ومع ذلك، فقد أثبتت الحكومات المحلية في آسيا الوسطى أنها قوى قوية في حد ذاتها، حيث وضعت «قواعد محلية» تتجنب التدخل الأجنبي، وتثري نفسها وتعزز مصداقيتها. إن تفسير كولي الدقيق والمدهش لكيفية تفاعل الدول الصغيرة مع القوى العظمى في هذه المنطقة الحيوية يحسن بشكل كبير فهمنا لكيفية عمل السياسة العالمية بالفعل في هذا العصر الحديث. الحبكة تتكشف يبدأ الكتاب بتمهيد الأرض للعبة عظيمة جديدة في آسيا الوسطى، مع التأكيد على أهمية المنطقة ودوافع القوى العظمى الثلاث المعنية.

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