BOOKS - From Party Politics to Militarism in Japan, 1924-1941
From Party Politics to Militarism in Japan, 1924-1941 - Shinichi Kitaoka June 25, 2013 PDF  BOOKS
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From Party Politics to Militarism in Japan, 1924-1941
Author: Shinichi Kitaoka
Year: June 25, 2013
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 84 MB
Language: English



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The book begins with the establishment of a coalition cabinet in June 1924, marking the start of a nearly decade-long era of domestic and international cooperation, and ends with Japan's declaration of war on the United States and Britain in December 1941. Through this narrative, Kitaoka highlights the discontinuities and connections between these two periods, delving into the conflicts between political parties, the military, and internal factions within both domestic and foreign affairs. The story unfolds through three main parts: "Political Cooperation "Militarism and "War and Defeat. " In the first part, Kitaoka explores the political landscape of Japan during the 1920s, focusing on the formation of a coalition government and the country's gradual shift towards militarism. He examines the tensions between political parties, particularly the Liberal Party and the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, as well as the growing influence of the military on Japanese politics.
Книга начинается с создания коалиционного кабинета в июне 1924 года, отмечая начало почти десятилетней эры внутреннего и международного сотрудничества, и заканчивается объявлением Японией войны Соединенным Штатам и Великобритании в декабре 1941 года. В этом повествовании Китаока подчеркивает разрывы и связи между этими двумя периодами, углубляясь в конфликты между политическими партиями, военными и внутренними группировками как во внутренних, так и во внешних делах. История разворачивается через три основные части: "Политическое сотрудничество" "Милитаризм" и "Война и поражение. "В первой части Китаока исследует политический ландшафт Японии в течение 1920-х годов, сосредоточившись на формировании коалиционного правительства и постепенном сдвиге страны в сторону милитаризма. Он изучает напряженность в отношениях между политическими партиями, в частности Либеральной партией и Ассоциацией содействия имперскому правлению, а также растущее влияние военных на японскую политику.
livre commence par la création d'un cabinet de coalition en juin 1924, marquant le début de près de dix ans de coopération nationale et internationale, et se termine par la déclaration de guerre du Japon aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni en décembre 1941. Dans ce récit, Kitaoka souligne les écarts et les liens entre ces deux périodes, en s'enfonçant dans les conflits entre les partis politiques, les militaires et les factions internes dans les affaires intérieures et extérieures. L'histoire se déroule en trois parties principales : « Coopération politique » « Militarisme » et « Guerre et défaite ». "Dans la première partie, Kitaoka explore le paysage politique du Japon au cours des années 1920, en se concentrant sur la formation d'un gouvernement de coalition et l'évolution progressive du pays vers le militarisme. Il étudie les tensions entre les partis politiques, en particulier le Parti libéral et l'Association pour la promotion du règne impérial, ainsi que l'influence croissante de l'armée sur la politique japonaise.
libro comienza con la creación de un gabinete de coalición en junio de 1924, marcando el inicio de una era de casi diez de cooperación interna e internacional, y termina con la declaración de guerra de Japón a Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña en diciembre de 1941. En esta narrativa, Kitaoka destaca las rupturas y vínculos entre estos dos períodos, ahondando en los conflictos entre partidos políticos, grupos militares e internos, tanto en asuntos internos como externos. La historia se desarrolla a través de tres partes principales: "Cooperación política" "Militarismo" y "Guerra y derrota. "En la primera parte, Kitaoka explora el panorama político de Japón durante la década de 1920, centrándose en la formación de un gobierno de coalición y el cambio gradual del país hacia el militarismo. Estudia las tensiones entre los partidos políticos, en particular el Partido Liberal y la Asociación para la Promoción del Gobierno Imperial, así como la creciente influencia de los militares en la política japonesa.
O livro começa com a criação de um gabinete de coalizão em junho de 1924, marcando o início de quase uma década de cooperação interna e internacional, e termina com a declaração de guerra do Japão aos Estados Unidos e ao Reino Unido em dezembro de 1941. Nesta narrativa, China enfatiza as divisões e laços entre os dois períodos, aprofundando-se nos conflitos entre os partidos políticos, os militares e os grupos internos, tanto nos assuntos internos como externos. A história passa por três partes principais: «A cooperação política» «Militarismo» e «Guerra e Derrota». "Na primeira parte, a China explora a paisagem política do Japão durante a década de 1920, concentrando-se na formação de um governo de coalizão e na progressiva mudança do país para o militarismo. Ele estuda as tensões entre os partidos políticos, especialmente o Partido Liberal e a Associação para o Governo Imperial, e a crescente influência militar na política japonesa.
Il libro inizia con la creazione di un gabinetto di coalizione nel giugno 1924, segnando l'inizio di quasi dieci anni di cooperazione interna e internazionale, e termina con la dichiarazione di guerra del Giappone agli Stati Uniti e al Regno Unito nel dicembre 1941. In questa narrazione, la Cina sottolinea le lacerazioni e i legami tra i due periodi, approfondendo i conflitti tra i partiti politici, i militari e i gruppi interni, sia interni che esterni. La storia si svolge attraverso tre parti principali: «Cooperazione politica», «Militarismo», «Guerra e sconfitta». "Nella prima parte, la Cina esplora il panorama politico giapponese negli annì 20, concentrandosi sulla formazione di un governo di coalizione e sul progressivo spostamento del paese verso il militarismo. Sta studiando le tensioni tra i partiti politici, in particolare il partito liberale e l'associazione per la promozione del governo imperiale, e la crescente influenza militare sulla politica giapponese.
Das Buch beginnt mit der Schaffung des Koalitionskabinetts im Juni 1924, markiert den Beginn einer fast zehnjährigen Ära der nationalen und internationalen Zusammenarbeit und endet mit Japans Kriegserklärung an die Vereinigten Staaten und Großbritannien im Dezember 1941. In dieser Erzählung hebt Kitaoka die Brüche und Verbindungen zwischen diesen beiden Perioden hervor und vertieft sich in die Konflikte zwischen politischen Parteien, militärischen und internen Gruppierungen in internen und externen Angelegenheiten. Die Geschichte entfaltet sich in drei Hauptteilen: "Politische Zusammenarbeit", "Militarismus" und "Krieg und Niederlage. Im ersten Teil untersucht Kitaoka die politische Landschaft Japans in den 1920er Jahren und konzentriert sich auf die Bildung einer Koalitionsregierung und die allmähliche Verlagerung des Landes in Richtung Militarismus. Er untersucht die Spannungen zwischen den politischen Parteien, insbesondere der Liberalen Partei und der Vereinigung zur Förderung der imperialen Herrschaft, sowie den wachsenden Einfluss des Militärs auf die japanische Politik.
הספר מתחיל עם הקמת קבינט קואליציוני ביוני 1924, המסמן את תחילתו של כמעט עשור של שיתוף פעולה פנימי ובינלאומי, ומסתיים בכך שיפן הכריזה מלחמה על ארצות הברית ובריטניה בדצמבר 1941. בנרטיב זה, קיטאוקה מדגיש את הפערים והקשרים בין שתי תקופות אלה, תוך התעמקות בסכסוכים בין מפלגות פוליטיות, צבאיות ופנימיות בעניינים פנימיים וחיצוניים. הסיפור מתגלה דרך שלושה חלקים עיקריים: ”שיתוף פעולה פוליטי” ”מיליטריזם” ו ”מלחמה ותבוסה”. בחלק הראשון, קיטאוקה חוקר את הנוף הפוליטי של יפן במהלך שנות ה-20 של המאה ה-20, תוך התמקדות בהקמת ממשלת קואליציה ובהשתנות הדרגתית של המדינה כלפי מיליטריזם. הוא חוקר מתחים בין מפלגות פוליטיות, במיוחד המפלגה הליברלית והאגודה לקידום השלטון הקיסרי, כמו גם את ההשפעה הגוברת של הצבא על הפוליטיקה היפנית.''
Kitap, Haziran 1924'da bir koalisyon kabinesinin kurulmasıyla başlıyor, yaklaşık on yıllık bir iç ve uluslararası işbirliği döneminin başlangıcını işaret ediyor ve Aralık 1941'de Japonya'nın ABD ve İngiltere'ye savaş ilan etmesiyle sona eriyor. Bu anlatıda Kitaoka, bu iki dönem arasındaki boşlukları ve bağlantıları vurgular, hem iç hem de dış ilişkilerde siyasi partiler, askeri ve iç hizipler arasındaki çatışmaları inceler. Hikaye üç ana bölümden oluşuyor: "yasi İşbirliği" "Militarizm've" Savaş ve Yenilgi. İlk bölümde Kitaoka, bir koalisyon hükümetinin kurulmasına ve ülkenin kademeli olarak militarizme doğru kaymasına odaklanarak 1920'lerde Japonya'nın siyasi manzarasını araştırıyor. yasi partiler, özellikle Liberal Parti ve İmparatorluk Yönetimini Geliştirme Derneği arasındaki gerilimlerin yanı sıra ordunun Japon siyaseti üzerindeki artan etkisini inceliyor.
يبدأ الكتاب بإنشاء حكومة ائتلافية في يونيو 1924، إيذانا ببداية ما يقرب من عقد من التعاون المحلي والدولي، وينتهي بإعلان اليابان الحرب على الولايات المتحدة وبريطانيا في ديسمبر 1941. في هذه الرواية، يؤكد كيتاوكا على الفجوات والصلات بين هاتين الفترتين، والتعمق في النزاعات بين الأحزاب السياسية والفصائل العسكرية والداخلية في الشؤون الداخلية والخارجية. تتكشف القصة من خلال ثلاثة أجزاء رئيسية: "التعاون السياسي" و "العسكرة" و "الحرب والهزيمة. "في الجزء الأول، يستكشف كيتاوكا المشهد السياسي لليابان خلال عشرينيات القرن الماضي، مع التركيز على تشكيل حكومة ائتلافية والتحول التدريجي للبلاد نحو النزعة العسكرية. يدرس التوترات بين الأحزاب السياسية، ولا سيما الحزب الليبرالي وجمعية تعزيز الحكم الإمبراطوري، بالإضافة إلى التأثير المتزايد للجيش على السياسة اليابانية.
이 책은 1924 년 6 월에 연합 내각을 만드는 것으로 시작하여 거의 10 년 동안 국내외 협력의 시대가 시작되었으며 1941 년 12 월 미국과 영국과의 전쟁을 선포하는 일본으로 끝납니다. 이 이야기에서 Kitaoka는이 두 기간 사이의 격차와 연결을 강조하여 내부 및 외부 문제에서 정당, 군사 및 내부 파벌 간의 갈등을 조사합니다. 이 이야기는 "정치 협력" "민병대" 와 "전쟁과 패배" 의 세 가지 주요 부분을 통해 전개됩니다. "키타 오카는 1920 년대 일본의 정치 환경을 탐구하면서 연합 정부의 형성과 군사주의로의 점진적인 변화에 중점을 두었습니다. 그는 정당, 특히 자유당과 제국 통치 진흥 협회 사이의 긴장과 일본 정치에 대한 군대의 영향력 증가를 연구합니다.
該書始於19246月成立聯合內閣,標誌著近十的國內和國際合作時代的開始,並以194112月日本對美國和英國宣戰而告終。在這段敘述中,北岡強調了這兩個時期之間的裂痕和聯系,深入探討了內外事務中政黨,軍事和內部團體之間的沖突。故事通過三個主要部分展開:「軍事主義」和「戰爭與失敗」的「政治合作」。"在第一部分中,北岡探討了1920代日本的政治格局,重點是組建聯合政府並逐步將日本轉變為軍國主義。他研究了政黨之間的緊張關系,特別是自由黨和帝國統治促進協會之間的緊張關系,以及軍方對日本政治的影響力日益增強。

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