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The Year Without Summer: 1816 and the Volcano That Darkened the World and Changed History - William K. Klingaman February 26, 2013 PDF  BOOKS
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The Year Without Summer: 1816 and the Volcano That Darkened the World and Changed History
Author: William K. Klingaman
Year: February 26, 2013
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.4 MB
Language: English



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The Year Without Summer: 1816 and the Volcano That Darkened the World and Changed History In 1816, a remarkable year that became known as the "Year Without Summer a volcanic eruption in Indonesia caused global weather patterns to be disrupted, leading to excessive rain, frost, and snowfall in the northeastern United States and Europe during the summer months. This extraordinary weather had far-reaching impacts on food supplies, religion, migration, and social structures, and it is closely linked to our modern understanding of global climate change. In their book, The Year Without Summer, William Klingaman and Nicholas Klingaman explore the effects of this climatic event on politics, the economy, the arts, and society, using a wealth of source material and a compelling narrative approach that features peasants, royalty, politicians, and scientists. The Year Without Summer The Year Without Summer is a sweeping history of 1816, a year that was marked by a remarkable lack of summer due to a volcanic eruption in Indonesia.
Год без лета: 1816 и вулкан, который омрачил мир и изменил историю В 1816 году, примечательном году, который стал известен как «Год без лета» извержение вулкана в Индонезии привело к нарушению глобальных погодных условий, что привело к чрезмерным дождям, морозам и снегопадам на северо-востоке США и в Европе в летние месяцы. Эта необычайная погода имела далеко идущие последствия для поставок продовольствия, религии, миграции и социальных структур, и она тесно связана с нашим современным пониманием глобального изменения климата. В своей книге «Год без лета» Уильям Клингаман и Николас Клингаман исследуют влияние этого климатического события на политику, экономику, искусство и общество, используя богатый исходный материал и убедительный нарративный подход, в котором участвуют крестьяне, члены королевской семьи, политики и ученые. Год без лета Год без лета - это обширная история 1816 года, года, который был отмечен замечательным отсутствием лета из-за извержения вулкана в Индонезии.
Une année sans été : 1816 et un volcan qui a assombri le monde et changé l'histoire En 1816, une année remarquable connue sous le nom de « Année sans été », l'éruption volcanique en Indonésie a perturbé les conditions météorologiques mondiales, entraînant des pluies, des gelées et des chutes de neige excessives dans le nord-est des États-Unis et en Europe pendant les mois d'été. Ce temps extraordinaire a eu des répercussions considérables sur l'approvisionnement alimentaire, la religion, les migrations et les structures sociales, et il est étroitement lié à notre compréhension actuelle du changement climatique mondial. Dans leur livre « Une année sans été », William Klingaman et Nicholas Klingaman explorent l'impact de cet événement climatique sur la politique, l'économie, les arts et la société, en utilisant un riche matériel source et une approche narrative convaincante impliquant les paysans, les membres de la famille royale, les politiciens et les scientifiques. Une année sans été L'année sans été est une vaste histoire de 1816, une année qui a été marquée par une absence remarquable d'été en raison de l'éruption volcanique en Indonésie.
Año sin verano: 1816 y el volcán que oscureció el mundo y cambió la historia En 1816, un año notable que se conoció como el «Año sin verano», la erupción volcánica en Indonesia causó perturbaciones en las condiciones meteorológicas mundiales, lo que provocó lluvias excesivas, heladas y nevadas en el noreste de Estados Unidos y durante los meses de verano. Este clima extraordinario ha tenido implicaciones de largo alcance para el suministro de alimentos, la religión, la migración y las estructuras sociales, y está estrechamente relacionado con nuestra comprensión moderna del cambio climático global. En su libro «Un año sin verano», William Klingaman y Nicholas Klingaman investigan el impacto de este evento climático en la política, la economía, el arte y la sociedad, utilizando un rico material de partida y un convincente enfoque narrativo en el que participan campesinos, miembros de la familia real, políticos y académicos. Año sin verano Un año sin verano es una extensa historia de 1816, año que estuvo marcado por la notable ausencia de verano debido a la erupción volcánica en Indonesia.
Anno senza estate: 1816 e il vulcano che ha oscurato il mondo e cambiato la storia Nel 1816, un anno notevole conosciuto come «Anno senza estate», l'eruzione vulcanica in Indonesia ha compromesso le condizioni climatiche globali, causando piogge eccessive, freddo e nevicate nel nord-est degli Stati Uniti e in durante i mesi estivi. Questo straordinario clima ha avuto enormi ripercussioni sull'approvvigionamento di cibo, religione, migrazione e strutture sociali, ed è strettamente legato alla nostra moderna comprensione del cambiamento climatico globale. Nel suo libro «Un anno senza estate», William Klingaman e Nicholas Klingaman studiano l'impatto di questo evento climatico sulla politica, sull'economia, sull'arte e sulla società, attraverso un ricco materiale originale e un approccio narrativo convincente che coinvolge contadini, membri della famiglia reale, politici e scienziati. Un anno senza estate Un anno senza estate è la grande storia del 1816, un anno segnato dalla meravigliosa assenza di estate a causa dell'eruzione vulcanica in Indonesia.
Ein Jahr ohne Sommer: 1816 und ein Vulkan, der die Welt verdunkelte und die Geschichte veränderte Im Jahr 1816, einem bemerkenswerten Jahr, das als „Jahr ohne Sommer“ bekannt wurde, führte ein Vulkanausbruch in Indonesien zu einer Störung der globalen Wetterbedingungen, was in den Sommermonaten zu übermäßigem Regen, Frost und Schneefall im Nordosten der USA und in führte. Dieses außergewöhnliche Wetter hatte weitreichende Auswirkungen auf Nahrungsmittelversorgung, Religion, Migration und soziale Strukturen und ist eng mit unserem modernen Verständnis des globalen Klimawandels verbunden. In ihrem Buch „Ein Jahr ohne Sommer“ untersuchen William Klingaman und Nicholas Klingaman die Auswirkungen dieses Klimaereignisses auf Politik, Wirtschaft, Kunst und Gesellschaft mit reichhaltigem Quellenmaterial und einem überzeugenden narrativen Ansatz, an dem Bauern, Royals, Politiker und Wissenschaftler beteiligt sind. Ein Jahr ohne Sommer Ein Jahr ohne Sommer ist die umfangreiche Geschichte von 1816, einem Jahr, das durch die bemerkenswerte Abwesenheit des Sommers aufgrund eines Vulkanausbruchs in Indonesien geprägt war.
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Yaz Olmadan Yıl: 1816 ve Dünyayı Gölgede Bırakan ve Tarihi Değiştiren Volkan 1816'da, "Yaz Olmadan Yıl'olarak bilinen önemli bir yıl, Endonezya'daki volkanik bir patlama, küresel hava koşullarını bozdu ve yaz aylarında kuzeydoğu Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa'da aşırı yağmur, don ve kar yağışına yol açtı. Bu olağanüstü havanın gıda kaynakları, din, göç ve sosyal yapılar üzerinde geniş kapsamlı etkileri olmuştur ve küresel iklim değişikliği konusundaki modern anlayışımızla yakından bağlantılıdır. William Klingaman ve Nicholas Klingaman, "Yazsız Bir Yıl'adlı kitaplarında, bu iklim olayının siyaset, ekonomi, sanat ve toplum üzerindeki etkisini, zengin kaynak malzeme ve köylüleri, kraliyet ailelerini, politikacıları ve bilim insanlarını içeren zorlayıcı bir anlatı yaklaşımı kullanarak araştırıyorlar. Yaz olmadan Yıl Yaz olmadan yıl Endonezya'da volkanik patlama nedeniyle yaz dikkate değer yokluğu ile işaretlendi 1816, bir yıl geniş bir tarihtir.
العام بدون صيف: 1816 والبركان الذي طغى على العالم وغير التاريخ في عام 1816، وهو عام بارز أصبح يُعرف باسم «عام بلا صيف»، أدى ثوران بركاني في إندونيسيا إلى تعطيل أنماط الطقس العالمية، مما أدى إلى هطول أمطار غزيرة وصقيع و تساقط الثلوج في شمال شرق الولايات المتحدة وأوروبا خلال أشهر الصيف. كان لهذا الطقس الاستثنائي آثار بعيدة المدى على الإمدادات الغذائية والدين والهجرة والهياكل الاجتماعية، وهو مرتبط ارتباطًا وثيقًا بفهمنا الحديث لتغير المناخ العالمي. في كتابهما «عام بلا صيف»، يستكشف ويليام كلينجامان ونيكولاس كلينجامان تأثير هذا الحدث المناخي على السياسة والاقتصاد والفن والمجتمع، باستخدام مواد مصدر غنية ونهج سردي مقنع يشمل الفلاحين والملوك والسياسيين والعلماء. العام بدون صيف هو تاريخ واسع من عام 1816، وهو العام الذي تميز بالغياب الملحوظ للصيف بسبب ثوران بركاني في إندونيسيا.

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