BOOKS - The New Geography of Global Income Inequality
The New Geography of Global Income Inequality - Glenn Firebaugh March 10, 2003 PDF  BOOKS
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The New Geography of Global Income Inequality
Author: Glenn Firebaugh
Year: March 10, 2003
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.1 MB
Language: English



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The New Geography of Global Income Inequality: A Shift Towards Declining Inequality Across Nations In an age where globalization and technological advancements are constantly reshaping the world, it's easy to assume that income inequality is on the rise. However, a surprising discovery by demographer Glenn Firebaugh reveals that the exact opposite is true - global income inequality is actually decreasing. This finding challenges the conventional wisdom that the spread of consumer capitalism is dramatically polarizing the worldwide distribution of income. Firebaugh's research shows that income inequality reached its peak in the late 20th century and has been steadily declining across nations since then. While income inequality may be increasing within individual nations, the decline across nations is much more rapid. This shift marks a new geography of global income inequality in the 21st century. So, what's driving this change? Firebaugh argues that the cause lies in the evolution of technology and the changing nature of work. As technology advances, certain skills and jobs become obsolete, while new ones emerge.
Новая география глобального неравенства доходов: сдвиг в сторону снижения неравенства между нациями В эпоху, когда глобализация и технологические достижения постоянно меняют мир, легко предположить, что неравенство доходов растет. Однако удивительное открытие демографа Гленна Файрбо показывает, что верно прямо противоположное - глобальное неравенство доходов на самом деле уменьшается. Это открытие бросает вызов общепринятому мнению, что распространение потребительского капитализма резко поляризует всемирное распределение доходов. Исследование Firebaugh показывает, что неравенство доходов достигло своего пика в конце XX века и с тех пор неуклонно снижается в разных странах. В то время как неравенство доходов в отдельных странах может увеличиваться, снижение в разных странах происходит гораздо быстрее. Этот сдвиг знаменует собой новую географию глобального неравенства доходов в XXI веке. Итак, что движет этим изменением? Firebaugh утверждает, что причина кроется в эволюции технологий и меняющемся характере работы. По мере развития технологий некоторые навыки и рабочие места устаревают, в то время как появляются новые.
Une nouvelle géographie de l'inégalité des revenus dans le monde : un glissement vers la réduction des inégalités entre les nations À une époque où la mondialisation et les progrès technologiques changent constamment le monde, il est facile de supposer que l'inégalité des revenus augmente. Cependant, l'étonnante découverte du démographe Glenn Fairbaugh montre que c'est exactement le contraire qui est vrai : les inégalités de revenus dans le monde diminuent. Cette découverte remet en question l'idée généralement acceptée que la propagation du capitalisme consumériste polarise fortement la répartition mondiale des revenus. L'étude de Firebaugh montre que l'inégalité des revenus a atteint son pic à la fin du XXe siècle et a depuis diminué régulièrement dans différents pays. Alors que les inégalités de revenus peuvent augmenter dans certains pays, la baisse est beaucoup plus rapide d'un pays à l'autre. Ce changement marque une nouvelle géographie de l'inégalité mondiale des revenus au XXIe siècle. Alors, qu'est-ce qui motive ce changement ? Firebaugh affirme que la raison réside dans l'évolution de la technologie et la nature changeante du travail. Au fur et à mesure que la technologie évolue, certaines compétences et certains emplois deviennent obsolètes, tandis que de nouveaux apparaissent.
Nueva geografía de la desigualdad global de ingresos: un cambio hacia la reducción de la desigualdad entre las naciones En una época en que la globalización y los avances tecnológicos están cambiando constantemente el mundo, es fácil suponer que la desigualdad de ingresos está aumentando. n embargo, el sorprendente descubrimiento del demógrafo Glenn Fayrbaugh muestra que es cierto exactamente lo contrario: la desigualdad de ingresos global en realidad está disminuyendo. Este descubrimiento desafía la creencia generalmente aceptada de que la propagación del capitalismo de consumo polariza drásticamente la distribución mundial de los ingresos. estudio de Firebaugh muestra que la desigualdad de ingresos alcanzó su punto máximo a finales del siglo XX y desde entonces ha ido disminuyendo constantemente en diferentes países. bien la desigualdad de ingresos en los distintos países puede aumentar, la disminución en los distintos países es mucho más rápida. Este cambio marca una nueva geografía de la desigualdad global de ingresos en el siglo XXI. Entonces, qué está impulsando este cambio? Firebaugh afirma que la razón radica en la evolución de la tecnología y la naturaleza cambiante del trabajo. A medida que la tecnología avanza, algunas habilidades y puestos de trabajo quedan obsoletos, mientras surgen otras nuevas.
Nuova geografia delle disuguaglianze globali di reddito: spostamento verso la riduzione delle disuguaglianze tra le nazioni In un'epoca in cui la globalizzazione e i progressi tecnologici cambiano costantemente il mondo, è facile pensare che le disuguaglianze di reddito aumentino. Ma la straordinaria scoperta del demografo Glenn Fierbo dimostra che l'esatto opposto è che la disuguaglianza globale dei redditi sta in realtà diminuendo. Questa scoperta sfida la convinzione comune che la diffusione del capitalismo dei consumatori polarizzi drasticamente la distribuzione globale del reddito. Uno studio di Firebaugh mostra che la disuguaglianza di reddito ha raggiunto il suo picco alla fine del XX secolo e da allora è in costante diminuzione in diversi paesi. Mentre la disuguaglianza dei redditi nei singoli paesi può aumentare, il calo è molto più rapido in diversi paesi. Questo cambiamento segna una nuova geografia della disuguaglianza globale del reddito nel XXI secolo. Allora, cosa spinge a questo cambiamento? Firebaugh sostiene che la causa è l'evoluzione della tecnologia e il carattere del lavoro che sta cambiando. Con l'evoluzione della tecnologia, alcune competenze e posti di lavoro sono obsoleti, mentre ne emergono di nuovi.
Die neue Geographie der globalen Einkommensungleichheit: eine Verschiebung hin zu einer Verringerung der Ungleichheit zwischen den Nationen In einer Zeit, in der Globalisierung und technologischer Fortschritt die Welt ständig verändern, ist es leicht anzunehmen, dass die Einkommensungleichheit zunimmt. Die überraschende Entdeckung des Demografen Glenn Firebeau zeigt jedoch, dass genau das Gegenteil der Fall ist - die globale Einkommensungleichheit nimmt tatsächlich ab. Diese Entdeckung stellt die konventionelle Ansicht in Frage, dass die Ausbreitung des Konsumkapitalismus die weltweite Einkommensverteilung dramatisch polarisiert. Die Firebaugh-Studie zeigt, dass die Einkommensungleichheit Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts ihren Höhepunkt erreichte und seitdem in verschiedenen Ländern stetig abnimmt. Während die Einkommensungleichheit in einzelnen Ländern zunehmen kann, ist der Rückgang in verschiedenen Ländern viel schneller. Diese Verschiebung markiert eine neue Geographie der globalen Einkommensungleichheit im 21. Jahrhundert. Was also treibt diesen Wandel? Firebaugh argumentiert, dass der Grund in der Entwicklung der Technologie und der sich verändernden Natur der Arbeit liegt. Mit fortschreitender Technologie veralten einige Fähigkeiten und Arbeitsplätze, während neue entstehen.
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Küresel Gelir Eşitsizliğinin Yeni Bir Coğrafyası: Uluslar Arasında Daha Düşük Eşitsizliğe Doğru Bir Geçiş Küreselleşmenin ve teknolojik gelişmelerin dünyayı sürekli değiştirdiği bir çağda, gelir eşitsizliğinin arttığını varsaymak kolaydır. Bununla birlikte, demograf Glenn Firebaugh'un şaşırtıcı keşfi, tam tersinin doğru olduğunu gösteriyor - küresel gelir eşitsizliği aslında azalıyor. Bu bulgu, tüketici kapitalizminin yayılmasının dünya çapındaki gelir dağılımını dramatik bir şekilde kutuplaştırdığı yönündeki geleneksel bilgeliğe meydan okuyor. Firebaugh çalışması, gelir eşitsizliğinin 20. yüzyılın sonunda zirveye ulaştığını ve o zamandan beri farklı ülkelerde istikrarlı bir şekilde azaldığını gösteriyor. Bireysel ülkelerdeki gelir eşitsizliği artabilirken, farklı ülkelerdeki düşüş çok daha hızlıdır. Bu değişim, 21. yüzyılda yeni bir küresel gelir eşitsizliği coğrafyasına işaret ediyor. Peki, bu değişimi yönlendiren nedir? Firebaugh, bunun nedeninin teknolojinin evriminde ve işin değişen doğasında yattığını savunuyor. Teknoloji ilerledikçe, bazı beceriler ve işler eski haline gelirken, yenileri ortaya çıkıyor.
جغرافيا جديدة لعدم المساواة في الدخل العالمي: تحول نحو عدم المساواة المنخفضة بين الأمم في عصر تغير فيه العولمة والتقدم التكنولوجي العالم باستمرار، من السهل افتراض أن عدم المساواة في الدخل آخذ في الازدياد. ومع ذلك، فإن الاكتشاف المفاجئ لعالم الديموغرافيا جلين فايربو يظهر أن العكس تمامًا هو الصحيح - عدم المساواة في الدخل العالمي آخذ في الانخفاض بالفعل. تتحدى هذه النتيجة الحكمة التقليدية القائلة بأن انتشار الرأسمالية الاستهلاكية يؤدي إلى استقطاب توزيع الدخل في جميع أنحاء العالم بشكل كبير. تظهر دراسة Firebaugh أن عدم المساواة في الدخل بلغ ذروته في نهاية القرن العشرين وانخفض بشكل مطرد في بلدان مختلفة منذ ذلك الحين. وفي حين يمكن أن يزداد التفاوت في الدخل في فرادى البلدان، فإن الانخفاض في مختلف البلدان أسرع بكثير. يمثل هذا التحول جغرافيًا جديدًا لعدم المساواة في الدخل العالمي في القرن الحادي والعشرين. إذن، ما الذي يقود هذا التغيير ؟ يجادل فايربو بأن السبب يكمن في تطور التكنولوجيا وتغير طبيعة العمل. مع تقدم التكنولوجيا، تصبح بعض المهارات والوظائف عفا عليها الزمن بينما تظهر مهارات ووظائف جديدة.

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