BOOKS - Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi'ism
Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi
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Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi'ism
Author: Matthew Pierce
Year: June 13, 2016
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.6 MB
Language: English



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Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi'ism In the heart of Baghdad, a millennium ago, one of history's greatest civilizations was flourishing. However, despite the profound cultural achievements, many Muslims felt that their society had gone astray. This sense of disconnection and loss was felt deeply by Shia Muslims, who challenged the dominant narrative of Islamic success with stories of loss and faith. Twelve Infallible Men, by Matthew Pierce, delves into the role of narratives of the imams in the development of a distinct Shia identity during this critical juncture in Islamic history. During the tenth century, a group of scholars began assembling definitive works containing accounts of the twelve imams' lives. These collective biographies constructed a sacred history, portraying the imams as strong, beautiful, learned, and pious. Miracles surrounded their birth, and they became miracle workers in turn, but were nevertheless betrayed and martyred by enemies.
Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi 'ism В самом сердце Багдада тысячелетие назад процветала одна из величайших цивилизаций истории. Однако, несмотря на глубокие культурные достижения, многие мусульмане чувствовали, что их общество сбилось с пути. Это чувство разобщенности и потери глубоко ощутили мусульмане-шииты, бросившие вызов господствующему повествованию об исламском успехе с историями потери и веры. «Двенадцать непогрешимых людей» Мэтью Пирса углубляется в роль повествований об имамах в развитии отдельной шиитской идентичности в этот критический момент исламской истории. В десятом веке группа ученых начала собирать окончательные работы, содержащие описания жизни двенадцати имамов. Эти коллективные биографии строили священную историю, изображая имамов сильными, красивыми, учёными и благочестивыми. Чудеса окружали их рождение, и они по очереди становились чудотворцами, но тем не менее были преданы и замучены врагами.
Twelve Infallible Men : The Imams and the Making of Shi'ism Au cœur de Bagdad, une des plus grandes civilisations de l'histoire a prospéré il y a un millénaire. Cependant, malgré de profonds progrès culturels, de nombreux musulmans ont senti que leur société s'était égarée. Ce sentiment de désunion et de perte a été profondément ressenti par les musulmans chiites, qui ont contesté le discours dominant sur le succès islamique avec des histoires de perte et de foi. « s Douze Infaillibles » de Matthew Pierce approfondit le rôle des histoires d'imams dans le développement d'une identité chiite distincte en ce moment critique de l'histoire islamique. Au Xe siècle, un groupe de scientifiques a commencé à collecter les derniers travaux contenant des descriptions de la vie de douze imams. Ces biographies collectives ont construit une histoire sacrée, représentant les imams forts, beaux, scientifiques et pieux. s miracles entouraient leur naissance, et ils devenaient à leur tour des miracles, mais ils étaient néanmoins trahis et torturés par les ennemis.
Twelve Infallable Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi 'ism En el corazón de Bagdad, hace un milenio floreció una de las civilizaciones más grandes de la historia. n embargo, a pesar de los profundos logros culturales, muchos musulmanes sintieron que su sociedad se había equivocado. Este sentimiento de desunión y pérdida fue profundamente sentido por los musulmanes chiítas, quienes desafiaron la narrativa dominante del éxito islámico con historias de pérdida y fe. «Doce hombres infalibles», de Matthew Pierce, profundiza en el papel de las narraciones de imanes en el desarrollo de una identidad chií separada en este momento crítico de la historia islámica. En el siglo X, un grupo de científicos comenzó a recopilar trabajos finales que contenían descripciones de la vida de doce imanes. Estas biografías colectivas construyeron una historia sagrada, retratando a los imanes como fuertes, hermosos, eruditos y piadosos. milagros rodearon su nacimiento, y se turnaron para convertirse en milagrosos, pero sin embargo fueron traicionados y torturados por los enemigos.
Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi 'ism No coração de Bagdá, um milênio atrás floresceu uma das maiores civilizações da História. No entanto, apesar das profundas conquistas culturais, muitos muçulmanos sentiram que a sua sociedade tinha perdido o caminho. Esse sentimento de separação e perda foi profundamente sentido pelos muçulmanos xiitas, que desafiaram a narrativa dominante do sucesso islâmico com histórias de perda e fé. «Doze pessoas não resolvidas», de Matthew Pierce, aprofundou-se no papel de narrações sobre imãs no desenvolvimento de uma identidade xiita separada neste momento crucial da história islâmica. No século XIX. Um grupo de cientistas começou a reunir trabalhos finais com descrições da vida de doze imãs. Estas biografias coletivas construíram uma história sagrada, representando os imãs como fortes, bonitos, cientistas e devotos. Os milagres cercavam o seu nascimento, e eles se tornavam milagrosos em turnos, mas ainda assim eram traídos e torturados pelos inimigos.
Twelve Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi 'ism Nel cuore di Baghdad un millennio fa fioriva una delle più grandi civiltà della storia. Tuttavia, nonostante i profondi progressi culturali, molti musulmani sentivano che la loro società era fuori strada. Questo senso di dissociazione e di perdita è stato profondamente percepito dai musulmani sciiti, che hanno sfidato la narrazione dominante del successo islamico con storie di perdita e di fede. «Dodici persone irrisolte» di Matthew Pierce approfondisce il ruolo della narrazione degli imam nello sviluppo di una singola identità sciita in questo momento cruciale della storia islamica. Nel decimo secolo, un gruppo di scienziati iniziò a raccogliere i lavori finali che contenevano descrizioni della vita di dodici imam. Queste biografie collettive hanno costruito una storia sacra, rappresentando gli imam come forti, belli, scienziati e devoti. I miracoli circondarono la loro nascita, e diventarono miracolosi a turno, ma furono comunque traditi e torturati dai nemici.
Zwölf Infallible Men: Die Imams und die Herstellung von Shi 'ism Im Herzen Bagdads blühte vor einem Jahrtausend eine der größten Zivilisationen der Geschichte. Trotz tiefgreifender kultureller Errungenschaften fühlten sich viele Muslime jedoch von ihrer Gesellschaft in die Irre geführt. Dieses Gefühl der Uneinigkeit und des Verlustes wurde von schiitischen Muslimen tief empfunden, die das vorherrschende Narrativ des islamischen Erfolgs mit Geschichten von Verlust und Glauben in Frage stellten. Matthew Pierces „Zwölf unfehlbare Menschen“ beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle der Imamerzählungen bei der Entwicklung einer eigenen schiitischen Identität in diesem kritischen Moment der islamischen Geschichte. Im zehnten Jahrhundert begann eine Gruppe von Wissenschaftlern, endgültige Werke mit Beschreibungen des bens der zwölf Imame zu sammeln. Diese kollektiven Biografien bauten eine heilige Geschichte auf, indem sie Imame als stark, schön, wissenschaftlich und fromm darstellten. Wunder umgaben ihre Geburt, und sie wurden abwechselnd Wundertäter, wurden aber dennoch von Feinden verraten und gefoltert.
Dwunastu nieomylnych mężczyzn: Imamowie i czynienie szyizmu Jedna z największych cywilizacji historii rozkwitła w sercu Bagdadu tysiąclecia temu. Jednak pomimo głębokich osiągnięć kulturowych, wielu muzułmanów czuło, że ich społeczeństwo straciło drogę. To poczucie braku jedności i straty było głęboko odczuwane przez muzułmanów Shia, którzy zakwestionowali główny nurt narracji islamskiego sukcesu z opowieściami o utracie i wierze. „Dwunastu nieomylnych mężczyzn” Matthew Pierce zagłębia się w rolę narracji imamowych w rozwoju odrębnej tożsamości Shia w tym krytycznym momencie w historii islamu. W X wieku grupa uczonych zaczęła zbierać ostateczne dzieła zawierające opisy życia dwunastu imamów. Te zbiorowe biografie zbudowały świętą historię, przedstawiając imamów jako silnych, pięknych, wyuczonych i pobożnych. Cuda otaczały ich narodziny i zmieniali się w cudotwórców, ale mimo to byli zdradzani i torturowani przez wrogów.
''
On İki Yanılmaz Adam: İmamlar ve Şiiliğin Yapılması Tarihin en büyük medeniyetlerinden biri, bin yıl önce Bağdat'ın kalbinde gelişti. Ancak, derin kültürel başarılara rağmen, birçok Müslüman toplumlarının yolunu kaybettiğini hissetti. Bu ayrılık ve kayıp duygusu, İslami başarının ana akım anlatısına kayıp ve inanç hikayeleriyle meydan okuyan Şii Müslümanlar tarafından derinden hissedildi. Matthew Pierce'in "On İki Yanılmaz Adam'ı, İslam tarihinin bu kritik noktasında farklı bir Şii kimliğinin gelişiminde imam anlatılarının rolünü araştırıyor. Onuncu yüzyılda bir grup bilgin, on iki imamın hayatını anlatan kesin eserler toplamaya başladı. Bu kolektif biyografiler, imamları güçlü, güzel, bilgili ve dindar olarak tasvir eden kutsal bir tarih inşa etti. Mucizeler doğumlarını kuşattı ve sırayla mucize işçileri oldular, ancak yine de düşmanlar tarafından ihanete uğradılar ve işkence gördüler.
اثنا عشر رجلاً معصومين من الخطأ: الأئمة وصنع التشيع ازدهرت إحدى أعظم حضارات التاريخ في قلب بغداد قبل ألف عام. ومع ذلك، على الرغم من الإنجازات الثقافية العميقة، شعر العديد من المسلمين أن مجتمعهم قد ضل طريقه. هذا الشعور بالانقسام والخسارة شعر به المسلمون الشيعة بعمق الذين تحدوا السرد السائد للنجاح الإسلامي بقصص الخسارة والإيمان. يتعمق «اثنا عشر رجلاً معصومًا من الخطأ» لماثيو بيرس في دور روايات الإمام في تطوير هوية شيعية مميزة في هذا المنعطف الحرج في التاريخ الإسلامي. في القرن العاشر، بدأت مجموعة من العلماء في جمع أعمال نهائية تحتوي على أوصاف لحياة اثني عشر إمامًا. بنت هذه السير الذاتية الجماعية تاريخًا مقدسًا، حيث صورت الأئمة على أنهم أقوياء وجميلون ومتعلمون ومتقيون. أحاطت المعجزات بولادتهم، وتناوبوا على أن يصبحوا عمال معجزات، لكنهم مع ذلك تعرضوا للخيانة والتعذيب من قبل الأعداء.
十二個Infallible Men: The Imams and the Making of Shi'ism在巴格達的中心,一千前,歷史上最偉大的文明之一蓬勃發展。然而,盡管取得了深刻的文化成就,但許多穆斯林感到他們的社會迷路了。什葉派穆斯林深深地感受到這種分裂和喪失的感覺,他們以失去和信仰的故事挑戰了伊斯蘭成功的普遍敘述。馬修·皮爾斯(Matthew Pearce)的《十二個無懈可擊的人》深入探討了伊瑪目的敘述在伊斯蘭歷史這一關鍵時刻發展獨立的什葉派身份中的作用。十世紀,一群學者開始收集包含十二個伊瑪目生活描述的最終作品。這些集體傳記建立了神聖的歷史,描繪了伊瑪目堅強,美麗,學者和虔誠的人。奇跡圍繞著他們的出生,他們輪流成為奇跡制造者,但仍然被敵人出賣和折磨。

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