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The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship - Ina Ganguli February 24, 2020 PDF  BOOKS
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The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
Author: Ina Ganguli
Year: February 24, 2020
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 4.4 MB
Language: English



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The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship Introduction: In recent decades, the number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased significantly. This surge in immigration has led to a renewed focus on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. As such, there is a growing need to understand the process of technological evolution and its basis for the survival of humanity and the unification of people in a warring state. This book aims to provide new evidence on the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, specifically addressing the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation, the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship, and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. Additionally, it examines the role of the US higher education system and US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation. The Importance of Immigrants in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Immigrants have played a vital role in shaping the US STEM workforce and driving innovation. According to a report by the National Science Board, in 2015, immigrants made up 27% of the US science and engineering workforce, with 43% of all STEM doctoral degrees being awarded to non-native born individuals (National Science Board, 2018).
The Role of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship Introduction: In recent decades, the number of immigrants in the US Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degreations at US universities. Этот всплеск иммиграции привел к возобновлению внимания к экономическому воздействию иммигрантов на рабочую силу STEM и на инновации. Таким образом, растет потребность в понимании процесса технологической эволюции и его основы для выживания человечества и объединения людей в воюющем государстве. Цель этой книги - предоставить новые доказательства взаимосвязи между иммиграцией, инновациями и предпринимательством, в частности, рассмотреть влияние изменений в количестве иммигрантов и составе их навыков на уровень инноваций, взаимосвязь между высококвалифицированной иммиграцией и предпринимательством, а также различия между иммигрантами и коренными предпринимателями. Дополнительно рассматривается роль системы высшего образования США и визовой политики США в привлечении иностранных студентов для обучения в аспирантуре и сохранении их после окончания университета. Важность иммигрантов в научных инновациях и предпринимательстве США: иммигранты сыграли жизненно важную роль в формировании рабочей силы STEM в США и стимулировании инноваций. Согласно отчёту Национального научного совета, в 2015 году иммигранты составляли 27% научной и инженерной рабочей силы США, при этом 43% всех докторских степеней STEM присуждались лицам, не родившимся в стране (National Science Board, 2018).
The Role of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship Introduction: In recent decades, the number of immigrants in the US Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degreations at US universities. Cette augmentation de l'immigration a permis de mettre de plus en plus l'accent sur l'impact économique des immigrants sur la main-d'œuvre des STIM et sur l'innovation. Il est donc de plus en plus nécessaire de comprendre le processus d'évolution technologique et ses fondements pour la survie de l'humanité et l'unification des hommes dans un État en guerre. L'objectif de ce livre est de fournir de nouvelles preuves de la relation entre l'immigration, l'innovation et l'entrepreneuriat, en particulier pour examiner l'impact des changements dans le nombre d'immigrants et la composition de leurs compétences sur le niveau d'innovation, la relation entre l'immigration hautement qualifiée et l'entrepreneuriat, ainsi que les différences entre les immigrants et les entrepreneurs autochtones. rôle du système d'enseignement supérieur des États-Unis et de la politique de visa des États-Unis dans la participation des étudiants étrangers aux études supérieures et leur maintien après l'obtention de leur diplôme est également examiné. L'importance des immigrants dans l'innovation scientifique et l'entrepreneuriat aux États-Unis : les immigrants ont joué un rôle essentiel dans la formation de la main-d'œuvre des STIM aux États-Unis et dans la stimulation de l'innovation. Selon un rapport du Conseil scientifique national, en 2015, les immigrants représentaient 27 % de la main-d'œuvre scientifique et d'ingénierie des États-Unis, et 43 % de tous les doctorats STEM étaient décernés à des personnes non nées dans le pays (National Science Board, 2018).
The Role of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship Introduction: In recent decades, the number of immigrants in the US Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degreations at US universities. Este aumento de la inmigración ha dado lugar a una renovada atención al impacto económico de los inmigrantes en la mano de obra STEM y en la innovación. Por lo tanto, existe una necesidad creciente de comprender el proceso de evolución tecnológica y sus bases para la supervivencia de la humanidad y la unificación de los seres humanos en un Estado en guerra. objetivo de este libro es aportar nuevas evidencias de la relación entre inmigración, innovación y emprendimiento, entre otras cosas, para abordar el impacto de los cambios en el número de inmigrantes y la composición de sus habilidades en el nivel de innovación, la relación entre inmigración altamente cualificada y emprendimiento, y las diferencias entre inmigrantes y empresarios autóctonos. Se examina más a fondo el papel del sistema de educación superior de los Estados Unidos y la política de visas de los Estados Unidos para atraer a estudiantes internacionales a estudiar postgrado y mantenerlos después de graduarse. La importancia de los inmigrantes en la innovación científica y el emprendimiento de los Estados Unidos: los inmigrantes han desempeñado un papel vital en la formación de la fuerza de trabajo STEM en los Estados Unidos y en el estímulo de la innovación. Según un informe del Consejo Nacional de Ciencias, en 2015 los inmigrantes representaban el 27% de la mano de obra científica e ingeniería de Estados Unidos, con el 43% de todos los doctorados STEM otorgados a personas no nacidas en el país (National Science Board, 2018).
The Role of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship Introduction: In recent decades, the number of immigrants in the US Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degreations at US universities. Questo aumento dell'immigrazione ha riacceso l'attenzione sull'impatto economico degli immigrati sulla forza lavoro STEM e sull'innovazione. In questo modo, è sempre più necessario comprendere il processo di evoluzione tecnologica e le sue basi per la sopravvivenza dell'umanità e per unire le persone in uno stato in guerra. Lo scopo di questo libro è quello di fornire nuove prove del rapporto tra immigrazione, innovazione e imprenditorialità, in particolare considerando l'impatto dei cambiamenti nel numero di immigrati e nella loro composizione delle competenze sull'innovazione, il rapporto tra immigrazione altamente qualificata e imprenditorialità e le differenze tra immigrati e imprenditori nativi. Viene inoltre considerato il ruolo del sistema di istruzione superiore degli Stati Uniti e della politica dei visti degli Stati Uniti nel reclutare studenti stranieri per la laurea e mantenerli dopo la laurea. L'importanza degli immigrati nell'innovazione scientifica e nell'imprenditoria degli Stati Uniti è stata fondamentale per la formazione della forza lavoro di STEM negli Stati Uniti e per la promozione dell'innovazione. Secondo un rapporto del National Science Council, nel 2015 gli immigrati rappresentavano il 27% della forza lavoro scientifica e ingegneristica degli Stati Uniti, con il 43% dei dottorati STEM assegnati a persone non nate nel paese (National Science Board, 2018).
The Role of Immigrants and Foreign Students in US Science Innovation and Entrepreneurship Introduction: In recent decades, the number of immigrants in the US Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degreations at US universities. Dieser Anstieg der Einwanderung hat zu einer erneuten Fokussierung auf die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen von Einwanderern auf MINT-Arbeitskräfte und Innovation geführt. Es besteht daher ein wachsendes Bedürfnis, den Prozess der technologischen Evolution und seine Grundlage für das Überleben der Menschheit und die Vereinigung der Menschen in einem kriegführenden Staat zu verstehen. Ziel dieses Buches ist es, neue Beweise für die Beziehung zwischen Einwanderung, Innovation und Unternehmertum zu liefern, insbesondere um die Auswirkungen von Veränderungen in der Zahl der Einwanderer und der Zusammensetzung ihrer Fähigkeiten auf das Innovationsniveau, die Beziehung zwischen hochqualifizierter Einwanderung und Unternehmertum sowie die Unterschiede zwischen Einwanderern und einheimischen Unternehmern zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wird die Rolle des US-amerikanischen Hochschulsystems und der US-amerikanischen Visumpolitik bei der Gewinnung internationaler Studenten für ein postgraduales Studium und deren Aufrechterhaltung nach dem Abschluss untersucht. Die Bedeutung von Einwanderern für die wissenschaftliche Innovation und das Unternehmertum der USA: Einwanderer spielten eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bildung von MINT-Arbeitskräften in den USA und der Förderung von Innovationen. Laut einem Bericht des National Science Council bildeten Einwanderer im Jahr 2015 die 27% der wissenschaftlichen und technischen Arbeitskräfte der USA, wobei 43% aller MINT-Doktorgrade an Personen vergeben wurden, die nicht im Land geboren wurden (National Science Board, 2018).
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ABD Bilim Yenilik ve Girişimcilik Göçmen ve Yabancı Öğrencilerin Rolü Giriş: Son yıllarda, ABD Bilim, teknoloji, mühendislik ve matematik (STEM) işgücü göçmenlerin sayısı ve ABD üniversitelerinde gelişmiş STEM degreations alıcıları arasında. Göçteki bu artış, göçmenlerin STEM işgücü ve inovasyon üzerindeki ekonomik etkisine yeniden odaklanılmasına neden oldu. Bu nedenle, teknolojik evrim sürecini ve insanlığın hayatta kalması ve insanların savaşan bir durumda birleşmesi için temelini anlamaya artan bir ihtiyaç vardır. Bu kitabın amacı göçmenlik, yenilikçilik ve girişimcilik arasındaki ilişki hakkında yeni kanıtlar sunmak, özellikle göçmen sayısındaki değişikliklerin ve becerilerinin bileşiminin inovasyon düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini, yüksek vasıflı göç ve girişimcilik arasındaki ilişkiyi göz önünde bulundurmaktır. ve göçmenler ve yerli girişimciler arasındaki farklar. Buna ek olarak, ABD yüksek öğrenim sisteminin ve ABD vize politikasının yabancı öğrencileri lisansüstü okula çekmede ve mezun olduktan sonra sürdürmedeki rolü dikkate alınmaktadır. Göçmenlerin ABD'deki bilimsel yenilik ve girişimcilikteki önemi: Göçmenler, ABD'deki STEM işgücünü şekillendirmede ve inovasyonu yönlendirmede hayati bir rol oynamıştır. Ulusal Bilim Konseyi raporuna göre, 2015 yılında göçmenler ABD bilimsel ve mühendislik işgücünün %27'sini oluştururken, tüm STEM doktoralarının %43'ü yerli olmayan bireylere verildi (Ulusal Bilim Kurulu, 2018).
دور المهاجرين والطلاب الأجانب في ابتكار العلوم وريادة الأعمال في الولايات المتحدة مقدمة: في العقود الأخيرة، عدد المهاجرين في القوى العاملة في العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات في الولايات المتحدة (STEM) وبين المستفيدين من درجات العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات المتقدمة في الجامعات الأمريكية. أدت هذه الزيادة في الهجرة إلى تجديد التركيز على التأثير الاقتصادي للمهاجرين على القوى العاملة في مجال العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات وعلى الابتكار. وبالتالي، هناك حاجة متزايدة لفهم عملية التطور التكنولوجي وأساسها لبقاء البشرية وتوحيد الشعوب في دولة متحاربة. والهدف من هذا الكتاب هو تقديم أدلة جديدة على العلاقة بين الهجرة والابتكار وتنظيم المشاريع، ولا سيما النظر في أثر التغيرات في عدد المهاجرين وتكوين مهاراتهم على مستوى الابتكار، والعلاقة بين الهجرة ذات المهارات العالية ومباشرة الأعمال الحرة، والاختلافات بين المهاجرين وأصحاب المشاريع من السكان الأصليين. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم النظر في دور نظام التعليم العالي الأمريكي وسياسة التأشيرات الأمريكية في جذب الطلاب الأجانب للدراسات العليا والحفاظ عليهم بعد التخرج. أهمية المهاجرين في الابتكار العلمي الأمريكي وريادة الأعمال: لعب المهاجرون دورًا حيويًا في تشكيل القوى العاملة في مجال العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات في الولايات المتحدة ودفع الابتكار. وفقًا لتقرير المجلس الوطني للعلوم، في عام 2015، شكل المهاجرون 27٪ من القوى العاملة العلمية والهندسية في الولايات المتحدة، مع منح 43٪ من جميع دكتوراه العلوم والتكنولوجيا والهندسة والرياضيات للأفراد غير المولودين في البلاد (المجلس الوطني للعلوم، 2018).

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