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Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic (Early American Studies) - Rosemarie Zagarri September 19, 2007 PDF  BOOKS
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Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic (Early American Studies)
Author: Rosemarie Zagarri
Year: September 19, 2007
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 4.9 MB
Language: English



Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic In her groundbreaking book, Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic, Rosemarie Zagarri challenges the traditional narrative of the first women's rights movement beginning in the decades prior to 1848 and instead argues that the debate over women's rights began during the American Revolution itself. By integrating the approaches of women's historians and political historians, Zagarri explores the changes in women's status that occurred from the time of the Revolution to the election of Andrew Jackson. This period may have produced no collective movement for women's rights, but women built upon precedents established during the Revolution and gained an informal foothold in party politics and male electoral activities. Federalists and Jeffersonians vied for women's allegiance and sought their support in times of national crisis, and women attended rallies, organized political activities, and voiced their opinions on the issues of the day. The publication of Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman sparked a widespread debate about the nature of women's rights, with some arguing that women were inherently inferior to men and others advocating for their equal treatment.
Революционная обратная реакция: женщины и политика в ранней американской республике В своей новаторской книге "Революционная обратная реакция: «Женщины и политика в ранней американской республике», Розмари Загарри бросает вызов традиционному повествованию о первом движении за права женщин, начавшемся в течение десятилетий, предшествовавших 1848 году, и вместо этого утверждает, что дебаты о правах женщин начались во время самой американской революции. Интегрируя подходы женских историков и политологов, Загарри исследует изменения в женском статусе, произошедшие со времен Революции до избрания Эндрю Джексона. Этот период, возможно, не привел к коллективному движению за права женщин, но женщины опирались на прецеденты, установленные во время Революции, и получили неофициальную поддержку в партийной политике и мужской избирательной деятельности. Федералисты и джефферсонианцы соперничали за преданность женщин и искали их поддержки во времена национального кризиса, а женщины посещали митинги, организовывали политическую деятельность и высказывали своё мнение по вопросам дня. Публикация книги Мэри Уолстонкрафт «A Vindication of the Rights of Woman» вызвала широкую дискуссию о природе прав женщин, причём некоторые утверждали, что женщины по своей сути уступают мужчинам, а другие выступали за их равное обращение.
Revolutionary Back : s femmes et la politique dans la première république américaine Dans son livre révolutionnaire "Revolutionary Back : « s femmes et la politique dans la première république américaine », Rosemary Zagarry récuse le récit traditionnel du premier mouvement pour les droits des femmes qui a débuté au cours des décennies qui ont précédé 1848, et affirme plutôt que le débat sur les droits des femmes a commencé pendant la révolution américaine elle-même. En intégrant les approches des historiens et des politiciens féminins, Zagarry étudie les changements dans le statut des femmes depuis la Révolution jusqu'à l'élection d'Andrew Jackson. Cette période n'a peut-être pas conduit à un mouvement collectif pour les droits des femmes, mais les femmes se sont appuyées sur les précédents établis pendant la Révolution et ont reçu un soutien officieux dans la politique des partis et les élections masculines. s fédéralistes et les jeffersoniens se disputaient le dévouement des femmes et cherchaient leur soutien pendant la crise nationale, tandis que les femmes assistaient à des rassemblements, organisaient des activités politiques et exprimaient leurs opinions sur les questions du jour. La publication du livre de Mary Wollstonecraft « A Vindication of the Rights of Woman » a suscité un large débat sur la nature des droits des femmes, certains affirmant que les femmes sont intrinsèquement inférieures aux hommes et d'autres en faveur de leur égalité de traitement.
Retroceso Revolucionario: Mujeres y Política en la Primera República Americana En su libro pionero "Retroceso Revolucionario: «Women and Politics in the Early American Republic», de Rosemary Zagarry, desafía la narrativa tradicional del primer movimiento por los derechos de la mujer que comenzó durante las décadas anteriores a 1848, y en cambio sostiene que el debate sobre los derechos de la mujer comenzó durante la propia revolución estadounidense. Integrando los planteamientos de historiadores y politólogos femeninos, Zagarri explora los cambios en el estatus femenino ocurridos desde la Revolución hasta la elección de Andrew Jackson. Este período puede no haber conducido a un movimiento colectivo por los derechos de la mujer, pero las mujeres se basaron en los precedentes establecidos durante la Revolución y recibieron apoyo informal en la política partidaria y en la actividad electoral masculina. Federalistas y jeffersonianos compitieron por la devoción de las mujeres y buscaron su apoyo en tiempos de crisis nacional, y las mujeres asistieron a mítines, organizaron actividades políticas y expresaron sus opiniones sobre cuestiones del día. La publicación del libro de Mary Wollstonecraft «A Vindication of the Rights of Woman» suscitó un amplio debate sobre la naturaleza de los derechos de las mujeres, con algunos argumentando que las mujeres eran inherentemente inferiores a los hombres y otros abogando por su igualdad de trato.
Reversão revolucionária: mulheres e políticas na República Americana inicial Em seu livro inovador "Reações inversas revolucionárias: «Mulheres e Políticas na República Americana Inicial», Rosemary Zagarry desafia a narrativa tradicional sobre o primeiro movimento pelos direitos das mulheres, que começou nas décadas anteriores a 1848, e afirma que o debate sobre os direitos das mulheres começou durante a revolução americana. Integrando as abordagens de historiadores e cientistas políticos femininos, Zagarry explora as mudanças no estatuto feminino ocorridas desde a Revolução até a eleição de Andrew Jackson. Este período pode não ter levado a um movimento coletivo pelos direitos das mulheres, mas as mulheres basearam-se nos precedentes estabelecidos durante a Revolução e ganharam apoio informal na política partidária e nas atividades eleitorais masculinas. Federalistas e jeffersonianos disputaram a dedicação das mulheres e buscaram seu apoio durante a crise nacional, enquanto mulheres assistiram a manifestações, organizaram atividades políticas e opinaram sobre as questões do dia. A publicação do livro de Mary Walstonecraft, «A Vinciatura of the Rights of Woman», gerou um amplo debate sobre a natureza dos direitos das mulheres, e algumas argumentaram que as mulheres eram essencialmente inferiores aos homens e outras defendiam a igualdade de tratamento.
Risposta rivoluzionaria: donne e politica nella Repubblica Americana In un libro innovativo, "Reazioni rivoluzionarie: « donne e la politica nella prima repubblica americana», Rosemary Zagarri sfida la narrazione tradizionale del primo movimento per i diritti delle donne, iniziato nei decenni precedenti il 1848, e sostiene invece che il dibattito sui diritti delle donne è iniziato durante la rivoluzione americana stessa. Integrando gli approcci degli storici e dei politologi femminili, Zagarri esplora i cambiamenti nella condizione femminile che si sono verificati dai tempi della Rivoluzione fino all'elezione di Andrew Jackson. Questo periodo potrebbe non aver portato a un movimento collettivo per i diritti delle donne, ma le donne si sono basate sui precedenti stabiliti durante la Rivoluzione e hanno ottenuto un sostegno informale nella politica dei partiti e nelle attività elettorali maschili. Federalisti e jeffersoniani competevano per la devozione delle donne e cercavano il loro sostegno durante la crisi nazionale, mentre le donne partecipavano a manifestazioni, organizzavano attività politiche e esprimevano le loro opinioni sulla giornata. La pubblicazione del libro di Mary Walstonkraft, «A Vincolution of the Rights of Woman», ha suscitato un ampio dibattito sulla natura dei diritti delle donne, e alcuni sostengono che le donne siano in pratica inferiori agli uomini, mentre altri sostengono la parità di trattamento.
Revolutionärer Backlash: Frauen und Politik in der frühen amerikanischen Republik In ihrem bahnbrechenden Buch "Revolutionärer Backlash: „Frauen und Politik in einer frühen amerikanischen Republik“, fordert Rosemary Zagarri die traditionelle Erzählung der ersten Frauenrechtsbewegung heraus, die in den Jahrzehnten vor 1848 begann, und argumentiert stattdessen, dass die Debatte über Frauenrechte während der amerikanischen Revolution selbst begann. Durch die Integration von Ansätzen von Frauenhistorikern und Politikwissenschaftlern untersucht Zagarri die Veränderungen im weiblichen Status, die von der Revolution bis zur Wahl von Andrew Jackson stattgefunden haben. Diese Periode mag nicht zu einer kollektiven Bewegung für Frauenrechte geführt haben, aber die Frauen stützten sich auf Präzedenzfälle, die während der Revolution etabliert wurden, und erhielten inoffizielle Unterstützung in der Parteipolitik und bei den Männerwahlen. Föderalisten und Jeffersonianer wetteiferten um das Engagement von Frauen und suchten ihre Unterstützung in Zeiten der nationalen Krise, während Frauen an Kundgebungen teilnahmen, politische Aktivitäten organisierten und ihre Meinung zu den Themen des Tages äußerten. Die Veröffentlichung von Mary Wollstonecrafts Buch „A Vindication of the Rights of Woman“ löste eine breite Debatte über die Natur der Frauenrechte aus, wobei einige argumentierten, dass Frauen den Männern von Natur aus unterlegen seien, während andere für ihre Gleichbehandlung plädierten.
תגובת המהפכה: נשים ופוליטיקה ברפובליקה האמריקאית המוקדמת ”נשים ופוליטיקה ברפובליקה האמריקאית המוקדמת”, מאת רוזמרי זגארי, מאתגרת את הנרטיב המסורתי של התנועה הראשונה לזכויות נשים, שהחלה בעשורים שקדמו ל-1848, ובמקום זאת טוענת כי הוויכוח על זכויות נשים החל במהלך המהפכה האמריקאית עצמה. זגארי משתלבת בגישותיהם של היסטוריונים ומדענים פוליטיים, ובוחנת את השינויים במעמד האישה שהתרחשו מתקופת המהפכה ועד בחירתו של אנדרו ג 'קסון. תקופה זו אולי לא הובילה לתנועה קיבוצית למען זכויות נשים, אך נשים קבעו תקדימים במהלך המהפכה וזכו לתמיכה לא רשמית בפוליטיקה המפלגתית ובפעילויות הבחירות של גברים. פדרליסטיות וג 'פרסון התחרו על נאמנותן של נשים וביקשו את תמיכתן בעתות משבר לאומי, ונשים נכחו בעצרות, ארגנו פעילויות פוליטיות והביעו את דעתן בסוגיות של היום. פרסום ספרה של מרי וולסטונקראפט ”A Vindication of the Rights of the Woman” עורר דיון רחב בנוגע לאופי זכויות הנשים, כאשר יש הטוענים שנשים נחותות מטבען מגברים, בעוד שאחרות תמכו ביחס שווה.''
Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic (Devrimci Ters Tepme: Erken Amerikan Cumhuriyeti'nde Kadınlar ve yaset) adlı çığır açan kitabında: Rosemary Zagarri'nin "Women and Politics in the Early American Republic" (Erken Amerikan Cumhuriyetinde Kadınlar ve Politika) adlı eseri, 1848'e giden on yıllarda başlayan ilk kadın hakları hareketinin geleneksel anlatısına meydan okuyor ve bunun yerine kadın hakları konusundaki tartışmaların Amerikan Devrimi sırasında başladığını savunuyor. Kadın tarihçilerin ve siyaset bilimcilerin yaklaşımlarını bütünleştiren Zagarri, Devrim zamanından Andrew Jackson'ın seçilmesine kadar meydana gelen kadın statüsündeki değişiklikleri araştırıyor. Bu dönem, kadın hakları için kolektif bir harekete yol açmamış olabilir, ancak kadınlar Devrim sırasında belirlenen örneklerden yararlandılar ve parti siyasetinde ve erkeklerin seçim faaliyetlerinde resmi olmayan destek kazandılar. Federalistler ve Jeffersoncular, kadınların sadakati için yarıştılar ve ulusal kriz zamanlarında desteklerini aradılar ve kadınlar mitinglere katıldılar, siyasi faaliyetler düzenlediler ve günün meseleleri hakkında fikirlerini ifade ettiler. Mary Wollstonecraft'ın "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" (Kadın Haklarının Savunulması) adlı kitabının yayınlanması, kadın haklarının doğası hakkında geniş bir tartışmaya neden oldu; bazıları, kadınların doğası gereği erkeklerden daha aşağı olduğunu savunurken, diğerleri eşit muameleyi savundu.
رد الفعل الثوري: المرأة والسياسة في الجمهورية الأمريكية المبكرة في كتابه الرائد "رد الفعل الثوري العنيف: «المرأة والسياسة في الجمهورية الأمريكية المبكرة»، بقلم روزماري زاغاري، يتحدى السرد التقليدي لأول حركة لحقوق المرأة، والتي بدأت في العقود التي سبقت عام 1848، وبدلاً من ذلك يجادل بأن الجدل حول حقوق المرأة بدأ خلال الثورة الأمريكية نفسها. بدمج مناهج المؤرخات وعلماء السياسة، تستكشف زاغاري التغيرات في وضع المرأة التي حدثت من وقت الثورة حتى انتخاب أندرو جاكسون. ربما لم تؤد هذه الفترة إلى حركة جماعية لحقوق المرأة، لكن المرأة اعتمدت على السوابق التي تم وضعها خلال الثورة وحصلت على دعم غير رسمي في السياسة الحزبية والأنشطة الانتخابية للرجال. تنافس الفيدراليون وجيفرسون من أجل ولاء النساء وسعوا للحصول على دعمهن في أوقات الأزمات الوطنية، وحضرت النساء المسيرات ونظمن الأنشطة السياسية وأعربن عن آرائهن حول قضايا اليوم. أثار نشر كتاب ماري ولستونكرافت «إثبات حقوق المرأة» نقاشًا واسعًا حول طبيعة حقوق المرأة، حيث جادل البعض بأن النساء بطبيعتهن أدنى من الرجال، بينما دعا آخرون إلى معاملتهن على قدم المساواة.
혁명적 반발: 초기 미국 공화국의 여성과 정치 그의 획기적인 책 "혁명적 반발: Rosemary Zagarri의 "초기 미국 공화국의 여성과 정치" 는 1848 년까지 수십 년 동안 시작된 최초의 여성 권리 운동에 대한 전통적인 이야기에 도전하고 대신 미국 혁명 자체에서 여성의 권리에 대한 논쟁이 시작되었다고 주장합니다.. Zagarri는 여성 역사가와 정치 과학자의 접근 방식을 통합하여 혁명 당시부터 앤드류 잭슨 선거까지 발생한 여성 지위의 변화를 탐구합니다. 이시기는 여성의 권리를위한 집단 운동으로 이어지지 않았을 수도 있지만, 여성은 혁명 동안 정해진 전례를 이끌어 내고 정당 정치와 남성 선거 활동에서 비공식적 인지지를 얻었습니다. 연방 주의자와 제퍼슨 인들은 여성의 충성심을 위해 경쟁하고 국가 위기의시기에지지를 구했으며, 여성들은 집회에 참석하고 정치 활동을 조직하며 오늘의 문제에 대한 의견을 표명했습니다. Mary Wollstonecraft의 저서 "여성의 권리에 대한 입증" 의 출판은 여성의 권리의 본질에 대한 광범위한 토론을 불러 일으켰으며, 일부는 여성이 본질적으로 남성보다 열등하다고 주장하면서 다른 사람들은 동등한 대우를 옹호했습니다.
革命反彈:美國早期共和國的婦女與政治在其開創性的著作《革命反彈: 羅斯瑪麗·紮加裏(Rosemary Zagarri)的《早期的美國共和國中的婦女與政治》挑戰了從1848之前的幾十開始的第一次婦女權利運動的傳統敘述,而是認為關於婦女權利的辯論始於美國獨立戰爭本身。Zagarri整合了女性歷史學家和政治學家的方法,探討了從革命到安德魯·傑克遜(Andrew Jackson)當選以來婦女地位的變化。這一時期可能沒有導致婦女權利集體運動,但婦女借鑒了革命期間確立的先例,並在政黨政治和男性選舉活動中獲得了非正式支持。聯邦主義者和傑斐遜主義者爭奪婦女的奉獻精神,並在國家危機時期尋求婦女的支持,婦女參加集會,組織政治活動並就當今的問題發表意見。瑪麗·沃斯通克拉夫特(Mary Wollstonecraft)的著作《婦女權利的復仇》(A Vindication of the Woman)的出版引起了人們對婦女權利的本質的廣泛辯論,有些人認為女性天生就不如男性,而另一些人則主張平等對待她們。

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