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From Christ to Confucius: German Missionaries, Chinese Christians, and the Globalization of Christianity, 1860-1950 - Albert Monshan Wu November 22, 2016 PDF  BOOKS
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From Christ to Confucius: German Missionaries, Chinese Christians, and the Globalization of Christianity, 1860-1950
Author: Albert Monshan Wu
Year: November 22, 2016
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 12 MB
Language: English



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From Christ to Confucius: German Missionaries, Chinese Christians, and the Globalization of Christianity 1860-1950 The book "From Christ to Confucius" offers a groundbreaking exploration of the evolution of technology and its impact on the development of modern knowledge, highlighting the need for a personal paradigm to understand the technological process and its implications for human survival. Set against the backdrop of German missionaries in China during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this study delves into the transformation of Christian thought and its far-reaching consequences for humanity. In the 19th century, German missionaries flocked to China with the aim of converting the local population to Christianity. However, their efforts were met with limited success, as the Chinese people remained largely resistant to conversion. This failure prompted the missionaries to reassess their approach and led them to embrace Confucianism, an ideology that emphasized moral values, social responsibility, and respect for authority. This shift in perspective had profound implications for European Christians, challenging traditional notions of Christianity and paving the way for a global shift towards Eastern beliefs. As the European population began to decline in comparison to South America and Africa, this study provides a timely analysis of the roots of Christianity's global shift.
От Христа к Конфуцию: немецкие миссионеры, китайские христиане и глобализация христианства 1860-1950 Книга «От Христа к Конфуцию» предлагает новаторское исследование эволюции технологии и ее влияния на развитие современных знаний, подчеркивая необходимость личной парадигмы для понимания технологического процесса и его последствий для выживания человека. Это исследование, проведенное на фоне немецких миссионеров в Китае в конце XIX - начале XX века, углубляется в трансформацию христианской мысли и ее далеко идущие последствия для человечества. В XIX веке в Китай стекались немецкие миссионеры с целью обращения местного населения в христианство. Однако их усилия были встречены с ограниченным успехом, поскольку китайский народ оставался в значительной степени устойчивым к обращению. Эта неудача побудила миссионеров пересмотреть свой подход и привела их к принятию конфуцианства, идеологии, которая подчеркивала моральные ценности, социальную ответственность и уважение к власти. Этот сдвиг в перспективе имел глубокие последствия для европейских христиан, бросая вызов традиционным представлениям о христианстве и прокладывая путь к глобальному сдвигу в сторону восточных верований. Поскольку население Европы начало сокращаться по сравнению с Южной Америкой и Африкой, это исследование дает своевременный анализ корней глобального сдвига христианства.
De Christ à Confucius : missionnaires allemands, chrétiens chinois et mondialisation du christianisme 1860-1950 livre De Christ à Confucius propose une étude novatrice de l'évolution de la technologie et de son impact sur le développement des connaissances modernes, soulignant la nécessité d'un paradigme personnel pour comprendre le processus technologique et ses conséquences pour la survie humaine. Cette étude, menée dans le contexte des missionnaires allemands en Chine à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe siècle, est en train d'approfondir la transformation de la pensée chrétienne et ses conséquences profondes pour l'humanité. Au XIXe siècle, des missionnaires allemands affluaient en Chine pour convertir la population locale au christianisme. Mais leurs efforts ont été couronnés de succès, car le peuple chinois est resté largement résistant à la conversion. Cet échec a poussé les missionnaires à reconsidérer leur approche et les a amenés à adopter le confucianisme, une idéologie qui mettait l'accent sur les valeurs morales, la responsabilité sociale et le respect du pouvoir. Ce changement de perspective a eu de profondes conséquences pour les chrétiens européens, défiant les conceptions traditionnelles du christianisme et ouvrant la voie à un changement global vers les croyances orientales. Comme la population européenne a commencé à diminuer par rapport à l'Amérique du Sud et à l'Afrique, cette étude fournit une analyse opportune des racines du changement global du christianisme.
De Cristo a Confucio: misioneros alemanes, cristianos chinos y globalización del cristianismo 1860-1950 libro «De Cristo a Confucio» ofrece un estudio pionero sobre la evolución de la tecnología y su influencia en el desarrollo del conocimiento moderno, destacando la necesidad de un paradigma personal para comprender el proceso tecnológico y sus implicaciones para la supervivencia humana. Este estudio, realizado en el contexto de los misioneros alemanes en China a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, profundiza en la transformación del pensamiento cristiano y sus implicaciones de largo alcance para la humanidad. En el siglo XIX, los misioneros alemanes acudieron a China con el objetivo de convertir a la población local al cristianismo. n embargo, sus esfuerzos se encontraron con un éxito limitado, ya que el pueblo chino se mantuvo en gran medida resistente a la conversión. Este fracaso motivó a los misioneros a reconsiderar su enfoque y los llevó a aceptar el confucianismo, ideología que enfatizaba los valores morales, la responsabilidad social y el respeto al poder. Este cambio de perspectiva tuvo profundas consecuencias para los cristianos europeos, desafiando las ideas tradicionales sobre el cristianismo y allanando el camino para un cambio global hacia las creencias orientales. A medida que la población europea comenzó a disminuir en comparación con América del Sur y África, este estudio ofrece un análisis oportuno de las raíces del cambio global del cristianismo.
Da Cristo a Confucio: missionari tedeschi, cristiani cinesi e globalizzazione del cristianesimo 1860-1950 Il libro «Da Cristo a Confucio» offre una ricerca innovativa sull'evoluzione della tecnologia e sul suo impatto sullo sviluppo della conoscenza moderna, sottolineando la necessità di un paradigma personale per comprendere il processo tecnologico e le sue conseguenze sulla sopravvivenza umana. Questo studio, condotto sullo sfondo dei missionari tedeschi in Cina tra la fine del XIX e l'inizio del XX secolo, approfondisce la trasformazione del pensiero cristiano e le sue ampie conseguenze sull'umanità. Nel XIX secolo, missionari tedeschi si riversarono in Cina per trasformare la popolazione locale nel cristianesimo. Ma i loro sforzi sono stati accolti con limitato successo, perché il popolo cinese è rimasto sostanzialmente resistente alla conversione. Questo fallimento ha spinto i missionari a rivedere il loro approccio e li ha portati ad adottare il confucianesimo, un'ideologia che sottolineava i valori morali, la responsabilità sociale e il rispetto per il potere. Questo cambiamento di prospettiva ha avuto profonde ripercussioni sui cristiani europei, sfidando le concezioni tradizionali del cristianesimo e aprendo la strada a un cambiamento globale verso le credenze orientali. Poiché la popolazione europea ha cominciato a diminuire rispetto all'America del Sud e all'Africa, questo studio fornisce un'analisi puntuale delle radici del cambiamento globale del cristianesimo.
Von Christus zu Konfuzius: Deutsche Missionare, chinesische Christen und die Globalisierung des Christentums 1860-1950 Das Buch Von Christus zu Konfuzius bietet eine bahnbrechende Studie über die Entwicklung der Technologie und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung des modernen Wissens und unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit eines persönlichen Paradigmas, um den technologischen Prozess und seine Auswirkungen auf das menschliche Überleben zu verstehen. Diese Studie, die vor dem Hintergrund deutscher Missionare in China Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts durchgeführt wurde, vertieft die Transformation des christlichen Denkens und ihre weitreichenden Folgen für die Menschheit. Im 19. Jahrhundert strömten deutsche Missionare nach China, um die einheimische Bevölkerung zum Christentum zu bekehren. Ihre Bemühungen stießen jedoch auf begrenzten Erfolg, da das chinesische Volk weitgehend resistent gegen die Behandlung blieb. Dieses Versagen veranlasste die Missionare, ihren Ansatz zu überdenken und führte sie dazu, den Konfuzianismus zu akzeptieren, eine Ideologie, die moralische Werte, soziale Verantwortung und Respekt vor der Autorität betonte. Dieser Perspektivwechsel hatte tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die europäischen Christen, indem er traditionelle Vorstellungen vom Christentum in Frage stellte und den Weg für einen globalen Wandel hin zu östlichen Überzeugungen ebnete. Da die Bevölkerung s im Vergleich zu Südamerika und Afrika zu schrumpfen begann, liefert diese Studie eine zeitnahe Analyse der Wurzeln der globalen Verschiebung des Christentums.
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Mesih'ten Konfüçyüs'e: Alman Misyonerler, Çinli Hristiyanlar ve Hristiyanlığın Küreselleşmesi 1860-1950 "Mesih'ten Konfüçyüs'e" kitabı, teknolojinin evrimi ve modern bilginin gelişimi üzerindeki etkisi hakkında yenilikçi bir çalışma sunarak, teknolojik süreci ve insan hayatta kalması için sonuçlarını anlamak için kişisel bir paradigmaya duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. 19. yüzyılın sonlarında ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında Çin'deki Alman misyonerlerin zemininde yürütülen bu çalışma, Hıristiyan düşüncesinin dönüşümünü ve insanlık için geniş kapsamlı sonuçlarını araştırıyor. 19. yüzyılda Alman misyonerler, yerel nüfusu Hristiyanlığa dönüştürmek için Çin'e akın etti. Bununla birlikte, Çin halkı din değiştirmeye karşı büyük ölçüde dirençli kaldığı için çabaları sınırlı bir başarı ile karşılandı. Bu başarısızlık, misyonerlerin yaklaşımlarını yeniden gözden geçirmelerine ve ahlaki değerleri, sosyal sorumluluğu ve otoriteye saygıyı vurgulayan bir ideoloji olan Konfüçyüsçülüğü benimsemelerine yol açtı. Perspektifteki bu değişim, Avrupalı Hıristiyanlar için derin sonuçlar doğurdu, geleneksel Hıristiyanlık kavramlarına meydan okudu ve Doğu inançlarına doğru küresel bir değişimin yolunu açtı. Avrupa'nın nüfusu Güney Amerika ve Afrika'ya göre azalmaya başladığından, bu çalışma Hıristiyanlığın küresel değişiminin köklerinin zamanında analizini sunmaktadır.
من المسيح إلى كونفوشيوس: المبشرون الألمان والمسيحيون الصينيون وعولمة المسيحية 1860-1950 يقدم كتاب «من المسيح إلى كونفوشيوس» دراسة مبتكرة لتطور التكنولوجيا وتأثيرها على تطوير المعرفة الحديثة، مع التأكيد على الحاجة إلى نموذج شخصي لفهم التكنولوجيا وآثارها على بقاء الإنسان. هذه الدراسة، التي أجريت على خلفية المبشرين الألمان في الصين في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر وأوائل القرن العشرين، تتعمق في تحول الفكر المسيحي وعواقبه بعيدة المدى على البشرية. في القرن التاسع عشر، توافد المبشرون الألمان إلى الصين لتحويل السكان المحليين إلى المسيحية. ومع ذلك، قوبلت جهودهم بنجاح محدود حيث ظل الشعب الصيني مقاومًا إلى حد كبير للتحول. دفع هذا الفشل المبشرين إلى إعادة النظر في نهجهم ودفعهم إلى اعتناق الكونفوشيوسية، وهي أيديولوجية تؤكد القيم الأخلاقية والمسؤولية الاجتماعية واحترام السلطة. كان لهذا التحول في المنظور عواقب وخيمة على المسيحيين الأوروبيين، حيث تحدى المفاهيم التقليدية للمسيحية ومهد الطريق لتحول عالمي نحو المعتقدات الشرقية. مع بدء انخفاض عدد سكان أوروبا مقارنة بأمريكا الجنوبية وأفريقيا، تقدم هذه الدراسة تحليلاً في الوقت المناسب لجذور التحول العالمي للمسيحية.

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