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Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752 (Published by the Omohundro Institute of Early … and the University of North Carolina Press)
Author: William A. Pettigrew
Year: December 30, 2013
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.8 MB
Language: English



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Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752 The book "Freedom's Debt" by William A. Pettigrew offers a comprehensive history of the rise and fall of the Royal African Company (RAC), one of the most significant players in the transatlantic slave trade. The author grounds the trade in political forces rather than economic ones, analyzing the ideological arguments of the RAC and its opponents in Parliament and public debate. This approach provides a unique perspective on the history of the slave trade and its impact on the development of modern knowledge. The RAC was granted a charter by King Charles II in 1672, giving it a monopoly on the British slave trade. Independent slave traders challenged this charter, asserting their natural rights as Britons to trade freely in enslaved Africans. This led to a series of political battles in Parliament, with proponents of the RAC arguing that the company was essential for the growth of the British Empire and its colonies in America. Opponents, however, saw the RAC as a threat to their natural rights and the expansion of the slave trade.
Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752 Книга «Долг свободы» Уильяма А. Петтигрю предлагает всеобъемлющую историю роста и падения Королевской африканской компании (RAC), одного из самых значительных игроков в трансатлантической работорговле. Автор обосновывает торговлю политическими силами, а не экономическими, анализируя идеологические аргументы РАК и его противников в Парламенте и публичных дебатах. Такой подход дает уникальный взгляд на историю работорговли и ее влияние на развитие современных знаний. В 1672 году король Карл II даровал РАЦ хартию, дающую ей монополию на британскую работорговлю. Независимые работорговцы оспаривали эту хартию, утверждая свои естественные права как британцев свободно торговать порабощенными африканцами. Это привело к серии политических баталий в парламенте, сторонники RAC утверждали, что компания имеет важное значение для роста Британской империи и её колоний в Америке. Противники, однако, видели в РАК угрозу своим естественным правам и расширению работорговли.
Freedom's Debt : The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752 livre de William A. Pettigrew propose une histoire complète de la croissance et de la chute de la Royal African Company (RAC), l'un des acteurs les plus importants de l'Atlantique transAtla traite des esclaves. L'auteur justifie le commerce des forces politiques plutôt que des forces économiques en analysant les arguments idéologiques du CANCER et de ses adversaires au Parlement et dans le débat public. Cette approche offre une vision unique de l'histoire de la traite des esclaves et de son impact sur le développement des connaissances modernes. En 1672, le roi Charles II a accordé à la RAC une charte lui donnant le monopole de la traite britannique des esclaves. s marchands d'esclaves indépendants contestaient cette charte en affirmant leurs droits naturels en tant que Britanniques de commercer librement des Africains asservis. Cela a conduit à une série de batailles politiques au Parlement, les partisans du RAC ont affirmé que la société était importante pour la croissance de l'Empire britannique et de ses colonies en Amérique. Cependant, les opposants voyaient dans le Cancer une menace pour leurs droits naturels et l'expansion de la traite des esclaves.
Debt de Freedom: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752 libro La deuda de la libertad de William A. Pettigrew ofrece una historia completa del crecimiento y la caída de la Royal African Company (RAC), uno de los actores más significativos en la trata transatlántica de esclavos. autor justifica el comercio de fuerzas políticas y no económicas, analizando los argumentos ideológicos del CÁNCER y sus adversarios en el Parlamento y el debate público. Este enfoque ofrece una visión única de la historia de la trata de esclavos y sus efectos en el desarrollo de los conocimientos modernos. En 1672, el rey Carlos II concedió a la RAC una carta que le daba el monopolio del comercio de esclavos británico. comerciantes de esclavos independientes desafiaron esta carta, afirmando sus derechos naturales como británicos para comerciar libremente con africanos esclavizados. Esto llevó a una serie de batallas políticas en el parlamento, los partidarios del RAC argumentaron que la compañía era esencial para el crecimiento del Imperio Británico y sus colonias en América. opositores, sin embargo, vieron en el CÁNCER una amenaza para sus derechos naturales y la expansión de la trata de esclavos.
Freedom 's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752 Das Buch „Freedom Debt“ von William A. Pettigrew bietet eine umfassende Geschichte über den Aufstieg und Fall der Royal African Company (RAC), einer der bedeutendsten Akteure im transatlantischen Sklavenhandel. Der Autor begründet den Handel mit politischen Kräften und nicht mit wirtschaftlichen, indem er die ideologischen Argumente von KREBS und seinen Gegnern im Parlament und in der öffentlichen Debatte analysiert. Dieser Ansatz bietet einen einzigartigen Einblick in die Geschichte des Sklavenhandels und seine Auswirkungen auf die Entwicklung des modernen Wissens. 1672 verlieh König Karl II. der RAC eine Charta, die ihr ein Monopol auf den britischen Sklavenhandel verlieh. Unabhängige Sklavenhändler bestritten diese Charta und behaupteten ihre natürlichen Rechte als Briten, versklavte Afrikaner frei zu handeln. Dies führte zu einer Reihe von politischen Kämpfen im Parlament, wobei die Befürworter der RAC argumentierten, dass das Unternehmen für das Wachstum des britischen Empire und seiner Kolonien in Amerika unerlässlich sei. Die Gegner sahen jedoch in KREBS eine Bedrohung für ihre natürlichen Rechte und die Ausweitung des Sklavenhandels.
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Özgürlük Borcu: Kraliyet Afrika Şirketi ve Atlantik Köle Ticaretinin Politikası, 1672-1752 William A. Pettigrew'in "Özgürlük Borcu'adlı kitabı, transatlantik köle ticaretinin en önemli oyuncularından biri olan Kraliyet Afrika Şirketi'nin (RAC) yükseliş ve düşüşünün kapsamlı bir tarihini sunuyor. Yazar, ekonomik güçlerden ziyade siyasi güçlerdeki ticareti, RAC'nin ve onun parlamentodaki ve kamusal tartışmalardaki muhaliflerinin ideolojik argümanlarını analiz ederek gerekçelendiriyor. Bu yaklaşım, köle ticaretinin tarihi ve modern bilginin gelişimi üzerindeki etkisi hakkında benzersiz bir bakış açısı sağlar. 1672'de Kral II. Charles, RAC'ye İngiliz köle ticaretinde tekel sağlayan bir tüzük verdi. Bağımsız köle tüccarları, köleleştirilmiş Afrikalıları serbestçe ticaret yapmak için İngilizler olarak doğal haklarını ileri sürerek bu tüzüğe itiraz ettiler. Bu, parlamentoda bir dizi siyasi savaşa yol açtı, RAC destekçileri şirketin İngiliz İmparatorluğu'nun ve Amerika'daki kolonilerinin büyümesi için önemli olduğunu savundu. Ancak muhalifler, RAC'yi doğal haklarına ve köle ticaretinin genişlemesine yönelik bir tehdit olarak görüyorlardı.
ديون الحرية: تقدم الشركة الملكية الأفريقية وسياسة تجارة الرقيق في المحيط الأطلسي، 1672-1752 كتاب ويليام أ. بيتيجرو «ديون الحرية» تاريخًا شاملاً لصعود وسقوط الشركة الملكية الأفريقية (RAC)، أحد أهم اللاعبين في وتجارة الرقيق عبر المحيط الأطلسي. يبرر المؤلف التجارة في القوى السياسية بدلاً من القوى الاقتصادية من خلال تحليل الحجج الأيديولوجية لمركز الأنشطة الإقليمية ومعارضيه في البرلمان والنقاش العام. ويوفر هذا النهج منظورا فريدا لتاريخ تجارة الرقيق وأثرها على تنمية المعارف الحديثة. في عام 1672، منح الملك تشارلز الثاني مركز الأنشطة الإقليمية ميثاقًا يمنحها احتكارًا لتجارة الرقيق البريطانية. تحدى تجار العبيد المستقلون هذا الميثاق، مؤكدين حقوقهم الطبيعية كبريطانيين في التجارة الحرة للأفارقة المستعبدين. أدى ذلك إلى سلسلة من المعارك السياسية في البرلمان، جادل مؤيدو RAC بأن الشركة مهمة لنمو الإمبراطورية البريطانية ومستعمراتها في أمريكا. ومع ذلك، رأى المعارضون أن RAC يمثل تهديدًا لحقوقهم الطبيعية وتوسيع تجارة الرقيق.

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