BOOKS - Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment
Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment - John Christian Laursen January 1, 1997 PDF  BOOKS
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Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment
Author: John Christian Laursen
Year: January 1, 1997
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 15 MB
Language: English



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Beyond the Persecuting Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment In Beyond the Persecuting Society, John Christian Laursen and ten other scholars challenge the widely-held belief that Western societies since the Enlightenment have prioritized individual differences and religious persecution. Instead, they argue that toleration was practiced and theorized in medieval and early modern Europe on a much larger scale than previously thought. This book shatters the myth that intolerance and religious persecution were the norm before the rise of secularism in the modern period. The authors explore how Christians and Jews, English, French, Germans, Dutch, Italians, and Spanish all had proponents of tolerance and experimented with it centuries before John Locke's famous "Letter Concerning Toleration. " The book delves into the diverse perspectives of thinkers such as Abelard, Aphra Behn, and Menahem ben Solomon HaMeIiri, who rejected intolerance and advocated for coexistence. From the 14th-century Talmudic scholar Menahem ben Solomon HaMeIiri to the rejection of intolerance in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, this comprehensive study offers a detailed and decisive correction to our understanding of the past. It reveals that the embrace of diversity was not unique to the present day, but has been a part of human history for centuries.
Beyond the Gunstering Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment In Beyond the Gunstering Society, John Christian Laursen and ten other scholars бросают вызов широко распространенному убеждению, что западные общества со времен Просвещения отдавали приоритет индивидуальным различиям и религиозным преследованиям. Вместо этого они утверждают, что терпимость практиковалась и теоретизировалась в средневековой и ранней современной Европе в гораздо большем масштабе, чем считалось ранее. Эта книга разрушает миф о том, что нетерпимость и религиозные преследования были нормой до возникновения секуляризма в современный период. Авторы исследуют, как христиане и евреи, англичане, французы, немцы, голландцы, итальянцы и испанцы имели сторонников толерантности и экспериментировали с ней за столетия до знаменитого «Письма о толерантности» Джона Локка. "Книга углубляется в разнообразные перспективы таких мыслителей, как Абеляр, Афра Бэн и Менахем бен Соломон ха-МеИири, которые отвергали нетерпимость и выступали за сосуществование. От талмудического ученого XIV века Менахема бен Соломона ха-МеИири до отказа от нетерпимости в колонии Массачусетского залива, это всестороннее исследование предлагает подробное и решительное исправление нашего понимания прошлого. Это показывает, что принятие разнообразия не было уникальным для сегодняшнего дня, но было частью человеческой истории на протяжении веков.
Beyond the Gunstering Society : Religion Toleration Before the Enlightenment In Beyond the Gunstering Society, John Christian Laursen et ten other scholars défient une croyance largement répandue que les sociétés occidentales, depuis les Lumières, ont donné la priorité aux différences individuelles et aux persécutions religieuses. Au lieu de cela, ils affirment que la tolérance a été pratiquée et théorisée dans l'Europe médiévale et moderne précoce à une échelle beaucoup plus grande que ce que l'on pensait auparavant. Ce livre détruit le mythe selon lequel l'intolérance et la persécution religieuse étaient la norme avant l'émergence de la laïcité dans la période moderne. s auteurs étudient comment les chrétiens et les juifs, les Anglais, les Français, les Allemands, les Hollandais, les Italiens et les Espagnols ont eu des partisans de la tolérance et l'ont expérimentée des siècles avant la célèbre « ttre de tolérance » de John Locke. " livre explore les différentes perspectives de penseurs comme Abélard, Afra Ben et Menahem bin Solomon HaMeIiri, qui ont rejeté l'intolérance et préconisé la coexistence. Du savant talmudique du XIVe siècle, Menahem ben Solomon ha-MeIiri, au rejet de l'intolérance dans la colonie du golfe du Massachusetts, cette étude complète offre une correction détaillée et décisive de notre compréhension du passé. Cela montre que l'acceptation de la diversité n'était pas unique aujourd'hui, mais qu'elle faisait partie de l'histoire humaine depuis des siècles.
Más allá de la Gunstering Society: Tolerancia religiosa Antes del enlace En más allá de la Gunstering Society, John Christian Laursen y ten other scholars desafían la creencia generalizada de que las sociedades occidentales han dado prioridad a las diferencias individuales y a la persecución religiosa desde la Ilustración. En cambio, sostienen que la tolerancia fue practicada y teorizada en la medieval y temprana moderna a una escala mucho mayor de lo que se pensaba anteriormente. Este libro destruye el mito de que la intolerancia y la persecución religiosa eran la norma antes del surgimiento del laicismo en el período moderno. autores investigan cómo cristianos y judíos, ingleses, franceses, alemanes, holandeses, italianos y españoles tuvieron partidarios de la tolerancia y experimentaron con ella siglos antes de la famosa «Carta de Tolerancia» de John Locke. "libro profundiza en las diversas perspectivas de pensadores como Abelar, Afra Ben y Menahem ben Salomon HaMeiri, quienes rechazaron la intolerancia y abogaron por la convivencia. Desde el científico talmúdico del siglo XIV Menachem bin Salomón HaMeIiri hasta el rechazo a la intolerancia en la colonia del Golfo de Massachusetts, este amplio estudio ofrece una corrección detallada y decisiva de nuestra comprensión del pasado. Esto demuestra que la aceptación de la diversidad no ha sido única en la actualidad, sino que ha sido parte de la historia humana durante siglos.
Beyond the Gunstering Society: Religious Toleration Before the Enlightenment In Beyond the Gunstering Society, John Christian Laursen and ten other scholars desafiam a crença generalizada de que as sociedades ocidentais desde a época As iluminações priorizaram as diferenças individuais e a perseguição religiosa. Em vez disso, eles afirmam que a tolerância foi praticada e teorizada em uma medieval e moderna, numa escala muito maior do que se pensava. Este livro destrói o mito de que a intolerância e a perseguição religiosa eram a norma antes do secularismo surgir no período moderno. Os autores investigam como cristãos e judeus, ingleses, franceses, alemães, holandeses, italianos e espanhóis experimentaram com ela séculos antes da famosa Carta de Tolerância de John Locke. "O livro aprofundou-se nas diferentes perspectivas de pensadores como Abeliar, Afra Ben e Menachem Ben Salomão ha-MeIiri, que rejeitaram a intolerância e defenderam a convivência. Desde o cientista talmudico do século XIV Menachem Ben Salomon ha-MeIiri até a rejeição da intolerância nas colônias do Golfo de Massachusetts, este estudo abrangente propõe uma correção detalhada e decisiva da nossa compreensão do passado. Isso mostra que a aceitação da diversidade não foi única para hoje, mas fez parte da história humana durante séculos.
Beyond the Gunstering Society: Religious Toleration Before the Englightenment In Beyond the Gunstering Society, John Christian Laursen and ten other scholars sfidano la convinzione diffusa che le società occidentali, sin dai tempi illuminazioni hanno dato priorità alle differenze individuali e alle persecuzioni religiose. Essi sostengono invece che la tolleranza è stata praticata e teorizzata in un'medievale e moderna in scala molto più grande di quanto si pensasse. Questo libro distrugge il mito che l'intolleranza e la persecuzione religiosa erano la norma prima della nascita della secolarizzazione nel periodo moderno. Gli autori indagano su come cristiani e ebrei, inglesi, francesi, tedeschi, olandesi, italiani e spagnoli abbiano avuto la tolleranza e l'abbiano sperimentata secoli prima della famosa ttera sulla Tolleranza di John Locke. "Il libro si approfondisce nelle varie prospettive di pensatori come Abelar, Afra Ben e Menachem Ben Solomon Ha-MeIiri, che rifiutavano l'intolleranza e sostenevano la convivenza. Dallo scienziato talmudico del XIV secolo Menachem Ben Solomon Ha-MeIiri al rifiuto dell'intolleranza nelle colonie del Golfo di Massachusetts, questa ricerca completa propone una correzione dettagliata e decisa della nostra comprensione del passato. Ciò dimostra che l'accettazione della diversità non è stata unica per oggi, ma ha fatto parte della storia umana per secoli.
Beyond the Gunstering Society: Religiöse Toleranz vor der Erleuchtung In Beyond the Gunstering Society stellen John Christian Laursen und zehn andere Gelehrte die weit verbreitete Überzeugung in Frage, dass westliche Gesellschaften seit der Aufklärung individuelle Unterschiede priorisiert haben und religiöse Verfolgung. Stattdessen argumentieren sie, dass Toleranz im mittelalterlichen und frühen modernen in einem viel größeren Maßstab praktiziert und theoretisiert wurde als bisher angenommen. Dieses Buch zerstört den Mythos, dass Intoleranz und religiöse Verfolgung die Norm vor dem Aufkommen des Säkularismus in der Neuzeit waren. Die Autoren untersuchen, wie Christen und Juden, Engländer, Franzosen, Deutsche, Niederländer, Italiener und Spanier Toleranzbefürworter hatten und Jahrhunderte vor John Lockes berühmtem Toleranzbrief damit experimentierten. "Das Buch taucht ein in die vielfältigen Perspektiven von Denkern wie Abaelard, Afra Ben und Menachem ben Solomon ha-MeIiri, die Intoleranz ablehnten und für Koexistenz plädierten. Vom talmudischen Gelehrten Menachem ben Solomon HaMeIiri aus dem 14. Jahrhundert bis zur Ablehnung von Intoleranz in der Massachusetts Bay Colony bietet diese umfassende Studie eine detaillierte und entscheidende Korrektur unseres Verständnisses der Vergangenheit. Dies zeigt, dass die Akzeptanz von Vielfalt nicht einzigartig für die heutige Zeit war, sondern seit Jahrhunderten Teil der menschlichen Geschichte ist.
Beyond the Gunstering Society: Religence Before the Enlightenment in Beyond the Gunstering Society, John Christian Laursen ועוד עשרה חוקרים קוראים תיגר על האמונה הרווחת כי החברות המערביות נתנו עדיפות להבדלים מאז הנאורות והרדיפה. תחת זאת, הם טוענים שהסובלנות הופעלה והוסברה באירופה של ימי הביניים ותחילת המאה ה ־ 20 בקנה מידה הרבה יותר גדול ממה שנחשב קודם לכן. ספר זה הורס את המיתוס שחוסר סובלנות ורדיפות דתיות היו הנורמה שלפני הופעת החילוניות בתקופה המודרנית. המחברים מגלים כיצד נוצרים ויהודים, אנגלים, צרפתים, גרמנים, הולנדים, איטלקים וספרדים תמכו בסובלנות והתנסו בה מאות שנים לפני "מכתב הסובלנות" המפורסם של ג "ון לוק. "הספר מתעמק בפרספקטיבות מגוונות של הוגים כמו אבלרד, עפרה בן ומנחם בן שלמה חה-מאירי, שדחו אי-סובלנות ודגלו בדו-קיום. מהמלומד התלמודי בן המאה ה-14 מנחם בן שלמה הא-מאירי ועד לדחיית חוסר הסובלנות במושבת מפרץ מסצ 'וסטס, מחקר מקיף זה מציע תיקון מפורט והחלטי של הבנתנו את העבר. הוא מראה שהגיוון לא היה ייחודי בימינו, אלא היה חלק מההיסטוריה האנושית במשך מאות שנים.''
lahşor Toplumun Ötesinde: lahşör Toplumun Ötesinde Aydınlanmadan Önce Dini Hoşgörü, John Christian Laursen ve diğer on bilim adamı, Batı toplumlarının Aydınlanma ve dini zulümden bu yana bireysel farklılıklara öncelik verdiği yaygın inancına meydan okuyor. Bunun yerine, hoşgörünün ortaçağ ve erken modern Avrupa'da daha önce düşünülenden çok daha büyük bir ölçekte uygulandığını ve teorize edildiğini savunuyorlar. Bu kitap, modern dönemde laikliğin ortaya çıkmasından önce hoşgörüsüzlük ve dini zulmün norm olduğu efsanesini yok ediyor. Yazarlar, Hristiyanların ve Yahudilerin, İngilizlerin, Fransızların, Almanların, Hollandalıların, İtalyanların ve İspanyolların, John Locke'un ünlü "Hoşgörü Mektubu'ndan yüzyıllar önce hoşgörü taraftarlarına sahip olduklarını ve bunu nasıl denediklerini araştırıyorlar. Kitap, hoşgörüsüzlüğü reddeden ve birlikte yaşamayı savunan Abelard, Afra Ben ve Menachem ben Solomon ha-MeIiri gibi düşünürlerin farklı bakış açılarını inceliyor. 14. yüzyıl Talmud bilgini Menachem ben Solomon ha-MeIiri'den Massachusetts Körfezi Kolonisi'ndeki hoşgörüsüzlüğün reddine kadar, bu kapsamlı çalışma geçmiş anlayışımızın ayrıntılı ve kararlı bir şekilde düzeltilmesini sunmaktadır. Çeşitliliği kucaklamanın bugüne özgü olmadığını, yüzyıllardır insanlık tarihinin bir parçası olduğunu göstermektedir.
ما وراء مجتمع التسلح: التسامح الديني قبل التنوير في ما وراء مجتمع التسلح، يتحدى جون كريستيان لورسن وعشرة علماء آخرين الاعتقاد السائد بأن المجتمعات الغربية أعطت الأولوية للاختلافات الفردية منذ التنوير والاضطهاد الديني. بدلاً من ذلك، يجادلون بأن التسامح تم ممارسته وتنظيره في أوروبا في العصور الوسطى وأوائل العصر الحديث على نطاق أوسع بكثير مما كان يعتقد سابقًا. يدمر هذا الكتاب الأسطورة القائلة بأن التعصب والاضطهاد الديني كانا القاعدة قبل ظهور العلمانية في العصر الحديث. يستكشف المؤلفون كيف كان للمسيحيين واليهود والإنجليز والفرنسيين والألمان والهولنديين والإيطاليين والإسبان أنصار التسامح وجربوه قبل قرون من «رسالة التسامح» الشهيرة لجون لوك. "يتعمق الكتاب في وجهات النظر المتنوعة للمفكرين مثل أبيلارد وعفراء بن ومناحيم بن سليمان، الذين رفضوا التعصب ودعوا إلى التعايش. من الباحث التلمودي في القرن الرابع عشر مناحيم بن سليمان إلى رفض التعصب في مستعمرة خليج ماساتشوستس، تقدم هذه الدراسة الشاملة تصحيحًا مفصلاً وحاسمًا لفهمنا للماضي. إنه يظهر أن احتضان التنوع لم يكن فريدًا من نوعه اليوم، ولكنه كان جزءًا من تاريخ البشرية لعدة قرون.
건 스터링 사회 너머: 건 스터링 사회를 넘어 깨달음 이전의 종교적 관용, 존 크리스티안 로르 센 (John Christian Laursen) 및 10 명의 다른 학자들은 서구 사회가 계몽과 종교적 박해 이후 개인의 차이를 우선시했다는 광범위한 믿음에 도전합니다. 대신, 그들은 중세와 초기 현대 유럽에서 이전에 생각했던 것보다 훨씬 더 큰 규모로 관용이 실행되고 이론화되었다고 주장한다. 이 책은 현대의 세속주의가 출현하기 전에 편협과 종교적 박해가 표준이라는 신화를 파괴합니다. 저자들은 기독교인과 유대인, 영어, 프랑스 인, 독일인, 네덜란드 인, 이탈리아 인 및 스페인 인이 어떻게 관용을지지하고 존 로크의 유명한 "관용의 편지" 보다 몇 세기 전에 그것을 실험했는지 탐구합니다. "이 책은 편협을 거부하고 공존을 옹호 한 Abelard, Afra Ben 및 Menachem ben Solomon ha-Meiri와 같은 사상가들의 다양한 관점을 탐구합니다. 14 세기 탈무드 학자 Menachem ben Solomon ha-Meiiri에서 Massachusetts Bay Colony의 편협 거부에 이르기까지이 포괄적 인 연구는 과거에 대한 우리의 이해에 대한 상세하고 결정적인 수정을 제공합니다. 그것은 다양성을 포용하는 것이 오늘날 고유 한 것이 아니라 수세기 동안 인류 역사의 일부임을 보여줍니다.
越過槍支協會:在越過槍支協會的啟蒙之前,宗教的激情,約翰·克裏斯蒂安(John Christian Laursen)和其他十位學者挑戰了廣泛的學者自啟蒙運動以來,西方社會一直優先考慮個人差異和宗教迫害。相反,他們認為,在中世紀和近代早期的歐洲,寬容的實踐和理論化規模比以前想象的要大得多。這本書打破了一個神話,即在現代世俗主義出現之前,不容忍和宗教迫害一直是常態。作者探討了基督徒和猶太人,英國人,法國人,德國人,荷蘭人,意大利人和西班牙人如何支持寬容,並在約翰·洛克(John Locke)著名的「寬容信」之前幾個世紀進行了實驗。"這本書深入探討了Abelyar,Afra Beng和Menahem bin Solomon HaMeIiri等思想家的各種觀點,他們拒絕不容忍並主張共存。從14世紀的塔爾木德學者Menahem bin Solomon HaMeIiri到在馬薩諸塞州海灣殖民地放棄不容忍現象,這項全面的研究為我們對過去的理解提供了詳細而果斷的糾正。這表明,接受多樣性在今天並不是獨一無二的,而是幾個世紀以來人類歷史的一部分。

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