The book "Materialistic Understanding of History and Problems of Socialism" by the famous Soviet philosopher and historian, Georgy Plekhanov, offers a comprehensive analysis of the historical development of society and the challenges faced by socialism. The author argues that materialism is the only scientific methodology for understanding history and that socialism is the only viable alternative to capitalism. He examines the evolution of technology and its impact on human society, highlighting the need for a personal paradigm to perceive the technological process of developing modern knowledge as the basis for human survival and unity in a world torn apart by conflict. The book begins with an introduction to materialism, defining it as the scientific study of the material conditions of society and the laws of development of these conditions. Plekhanov argues that materialism provides a consistent and objective understanding of history, free from the influence of ideology and utopian dreams. He then delves into the history of socialist thought, tracing its origins back to the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and discusses the various interpretations of socialism throughout history. Plekhanov emphasizes the importance of studying the process of technology evolution, arguing that it is the driving force behind social progress and the key to understanding the complexities of modern society. He posits that the development of technology has led to the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few, creating a vast chasm between the rich and the poor. This has resulted in the alienation of workers from their labor and the dehumanization of society.

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