BOOKS - HISTORY - Making Money in the Early Middle Ages
Making Money in the Early Middle Ages - Rory Naismith 2023 PDF Princeton University Press BOOKS HISTORY
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Making Money in the Early Middle Ages
Author: Rory Naismith
Year: 2023
Pages: 547
Format: PDF
File size: 27,4 MB
Language: ENG



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The author argues that this scarcity of money and its high value led to the development of new forms of social organization and cultural practices that were essential for the survival of humanity during this period. The book "Making Money in the Early Middle Ages" by Rory Naismith offers a comprehensive examination of the evolution of coined money in early medieval Europe, specifically between the end of the Roman Empire in the fifth century and the economic transformations of the twelfth century. During this period, coined money was scarce and highly valued, making it difficult for the majority of the population to utilize. This scarcity and high value of money led to the development of new forms of social organization and cultural practices that were crucial for the survival of humanity. The author posits that the scarcity of money and its high value had a profound impact on the lives of rulers, aristocrats, and peasants alike. For rulers, the scarcity of money meant that they had to rely on other forms of wealth, such as land and resources, to maintain their power and status. Aristocrats, on the other hand, relied on their social status and control over land to maintain their wealth and influence. Peasants, who made up the majority of the population, had to rely on bartering and exchange systems to survive, often using non-monetary forms of currency such as livestock and grain. The book also explores how the lack of money led to the development of alternative forms of currency, such as feudalism and serfdom.
Автор утверждает, что этот дефицит денег и его высокая ценность привели к развитию новых форм социальной организации и культурных практик, которые были необходимы для выживания человечества в этот период. Книга «Making Money in the Early Middle Ages» Рори Нейсмита предлагает всесторонний анализ эволюции чеканных денег в раннесредневековой Европе, в частности, между концом Римской империи в пятом веке и экономическими преобразованиями двенадцатого века. В этот период чеканные деньги были скудны и высоко ценились, что затрудняло использование большей части населения. Этот дефицит и высокая стоимость денег привели к развитию новых форм социальной организации и культурных практик, которые имели решающее значение для выживания человечества. Автор утверждает, что нехватка денег и их высокая стоимость оказали глубокое влияние на жизнь правителей, аристократов и крестьян. Для правителей нехватка денег означала, что они должны были полагаться на другие формы богатства, такие как земля и ресурсы, чтобы сохранить свою власть и статус. Аристократы же полагались на свой социальный статус и контроль над землёй для сохранения своего богатства и влияния. Крестьяне, составлявшие большинство населения, для выживания должны были полагаться на системы бартера и обмена, часто используя неденежные формы валюты, такие как скот и зерно. Книга также исследует, как нехватка денег привела к развитию альтернативных форм валюты, таких как феодализм и крепостное право.
autor sostiene que esta escasez de dinero y su alto valor han conducido al desarrollo de nuevas formas de organización social y prácticas culturales que eran necesarias para la supervivencia de la humanidad durante este período. libro «Making Money in the Early Middle Ages» de Rory Naismith ofrece un análisis exhaustivo de la evolución del dinero acuñado en la temprana medieval, en particular entre el final del Imperio romano en el siglo quinto y las transformaciones económicas del siglo XII. Durante este periodo, el dinero acuñado era escaso y muy apreciado, lo que dificultaba el uso de gran parte de la población. Esta escasez y el alto costo del dinero han llevado al desarrollo de nuevas formas de organización social y prácticas culturales que han sido cruciales para la supervivencia de la humanidad. autor sostiene que la falta de dinero y su alto costo han tenido un profundo impacto en la vida de gobernantes, aristócratas y campesinos. Para los gobernantes, la falta de dinero significaba que tenían que depender de otras formas de riqueza, como la tierra y los recursos, para mantener su poder y estatus. aristócratas, en cambio, confiaban en su estatus social y en el control de la tierra para preservar su riqueza e influencia. campesinos, que constituían la mayoría de la población, tenían que depender de los sistemas de trueque y cambio para sobrevivir, a menudo utilizando formas de moneda no monetaria como el ganado y el grano. libro también explora cómo la falta de dinero ha llevado al desarrollo de formas alternativas de moneda, como el feudalismo y la servidumbre.
L'autore sostiene che questa carenza di denaro e il suo alto valore hanno portato allo sviluppo di nuove forme di organizzazione sociale e pratiche culturali necessarie per la sopravvivenza dell'umanità in questo periodo. Il libro «Making Money in the Early Middle Ages» di Rory Naysmith offre un'analisi completa dell'evoluzione del denaro in dei primi anni, in particolare tra la fine dell'impero romano nel quinto secolo e le trasformazioni economiche del dodicesimo secolo. In questo periodo i soldi assunti erano scarsi e molto apprezzati, rendendo difficile l'uso della maggior parte della popolazione. Questo deficit e l'elevato costo del denaro hanno portato allo sviluppo di nuove forme di organizzazione sociale e pratiche culturali che sono state fondamentali per la sopravvivenza dell'umanità. L'autore sostiene che la mancanza di denaro e il loro alto costo hanno avuto un profondo impatto sulla vita di governanti, aristocratici e contadini. Per i governanti la mancanza di denaro significava che dovevano affidarsi ad altre forme di ricchezza, come la terra e le risorse, per mantenere il loro potere e lo status. Gli aristocratici, invece, si affidavano al loro status sociale e al loro controllo sulla terra per preservare la loro ricchezza e influenza. I contadini, che costituivano la maggioranza della popolazione, per sopravvivere dovevano affidarsi a sistemi di bartere e di scambio, spesso utilizzando forme di moneta non moneta come bestiame e grano. Il libro indaga anche come la mancanza di denaro abbia portato allo sviluppo di forme alternative di valuta, come il feudalismo e il diritto servile.
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著者は、お金のこの不足とその高い価値は、この期間中に人類の生存のために必要だった社会組織や文化的慣行の新しい形態の開発につながったと主張しています。ローリー・ナイスミスが中世初期にお金を稼ぐことは、中世初期のヨーロッパにおける小銭の進化、特に5世紀のローマ帝国の終わりと12世紀の経済変革の間の包括的な分析を提供している。この時期、小切手の貨幣は希少で高く評価されていたため、住民のほとんどが使用することは困難であった。この希少性と高額な資金コストは、人間の生存にとって重要な新しい形態の社会組織と文化的慣行の発展につながった。著者は、お金の不足とその高コストは、支配者、貴族、農民の生活に深い影響を与えたと主張しています。支配者にとって、お金の不足は、彼らの権力と地位を維持するために、土地や資源などの他の形態の富に依存しなければならなかったことを意味しました。貴族たちは自分たちの社会的地位と土地の支配に頼り、富と影響力を保った。人口の大半を占めていた農民は、生き残るために物々交換システムに頼らざるを得なくなり、しばしば牛や穀物などの非金属的な通貨形態を使用した。この本はまた、封建主義や農奴制などの代替通貨の開発につながったお金の不足を探求しています。

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