BOOKS - Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages
Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages - Frances Gies January 1, 1994 PDF  BOOKS
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Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages
Author: Frances Gies
Year: January 1, 1994
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 5.1 MB
Language: English



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The book "Cathedral Forge and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages" by Frances and Joseph Gies offers a comprehensive and detailed account of Europe's rise to technological prominence during the medieval period. The authors challenge two common myths about this era, one being that Europe experienced sudden and unexpected progress during the Renaissance, and the other being that Western superiority was responsible for its success. Instead, they argue that medieval Europe underwent a gradual evolution of innovations in agriculture, craftsmanship, metallurgy, building construction, navigation, and warfare, which ultimately led to the development of new technology, economics, and politics. The book explores how these advancements in technology, such as the horse harness, stirrup, magnetic compass, cotton and silk cultivation, paper making, firearms, and Arabic numerals, were not solely the result of Western ingenuity, but rather a synthesis of innovations from various regions, including China, India, and Islam.
Книга Фрэнсис и Джозефа Гис «Соборная кузница и водяное колесо: технология и изобретение в средние века» предлагает исчерпывающий и подробный отчет о восхождении Европы к технологической известности в средневековый период. Авторы оспаривают два распространенных мифа об этой эпохе, один из которых заключается в том, что Европа пережила внезапный и неожиданный прогресс в эпоху Возрождения, а другой - в том, что западное превосходство было причиной ее успеха. Вместо этого они утверждают, что средневековая Европа подверглась постепенной эволюции инноваций в сельском хозяйстве, ремесленничестве, металлургии, строительстве зданий, навигации и войне, что в конечном итоге привело к развитию новых технологий, экономики и политики. Книга исследует, как эти достижения в технологии, такие как конская упряжь, стремя, магнитный компас, выращивание хлопка и шелка, изготовление бумаги, огнестрельное оружие и арабские цифры, были не исключительно результатом западной изобретательности, а скорее синтезом инноваций из различных регионов, включая Китай, Индию и ислам.
livre de Francis et Joseph Gies, « La forge de la cathédrale et la roue d'eau : technologie et invention au Moyen Age », offre un compte rendu complet et détaillé de l'ascension de l'Europe à la renommée technologique à l'époque médiévale. s auteurs contestent deux mythes communs sur cette époque, l'un étant que l'Europe a connu des progrès soudains et inattendus à l'époque de la Renaissance et l'autre que la supériorité occidentale a été la raison de son succès. Au lieu de cela, ils affirment que l'Europe médiévale a subi une évolution progressive de l'innovation dans l'agriculture, l'artisanat, la métallurgie, la construction de bâtiments, la navigation et la guerre, ce qui a finalement conduit au développement de nouvelles technologies, économies et politiques. livre explore comment ces progrès technologiques, tels que le harnais à cheval, le tir, la boussole magnétique, la culture du coton et de la soie, la fabrication du papier, les armes à feu et les chiffres arabes, n'ont pas été uniquement le résultat de l'ingéniosité occidentale, mais plutôt la synthèse des innovations de différentes régions, y compris la Chine, l'Inde et l'Islam.
libro de Francis y Joseph Gees «La fragua y la fragua de la catedral: tecnología e invención en la Edad Media» ofrece un relato exhaustivo y detallado del ascenso de a la fama tecnológica durante la Edad Media. autores disputan dos mitos comunes sobre esta época, uno es que experimentó un repentino e inesperado progreso en el Renacimiento y el otro es que la superioridad occidental fue la causa de su éxito. En cambio, sostienen que la medieval ha sufrido una evolución paulatina de la innovación en agricultura, artesanía, metalurgia, construcción de edificios, navegación y guerra, que ha llevado finalmente al desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, economía y política. libro explora cómo estos avances en tecnología, como el arnés de caballo, el estribo, la brújula magnética, el cultivo del algodón y la seda, la fabricación de papel, las armas de fuego y los números árabes, no fueron exclusivamente el resultado del ingenio occidental, sino más bien una síntesis de innovaciones de varias regiones, incluyendo China, India e Islam.
O livro de Francis e Joseph Gees «A caçula e a roda d'água: tecnologia e invenção na Idade Média» oferece um relatório abrangente e detalhado sobre a ascensão da à fama tecnológica durante o período medieval. Os autores contestam dois mitos comuns sobre esta era, um dos quais é que a viveu um progresso súbito e inesperado no renascimento, e o outro é que a superioridade ocidental foi a razão do seu sucesso. Em vez disso, eles afirmam que a medieval sofreu uma evolução gradual da inovação na agricultura, na artesania, na metalurgia, na construção de edifícios, na navegação e na guerra, o que acabou por levar ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, economias e políticas. O livro explora como estes avanços na tecnologia, tais como ares de cavalo, flecha, bússola magnética, cultivo de algodão e seda, fabricação de papel, armas de fogo e números árabes, não foram apenas resultado da engenhosidade ocidental, mas mais uma síntese de inovação de várias regiões, incluindo China, Índia e Islã.
Il libro di Francis e Joseph Gis «La forbice della cattedrale e la ruota d'acqua: tecnologia e invenzione nel Medioevo» fornisce un resoconto completo e dettagliato dell'ascesa dell'alla fama tecnologica durante il periodo medievale. Gli autori contestano due miti comuni su questa epoca, uno dei quali è che l'ha vissuto un improvviso e inaspettato progresso nel Rinascimento e l'altro che la supremazia occidentale è stata la causa del suo successo. Sostengono invece che l'medievale ha subito una progressiva evoluzione dell'innovazione agricola, artigianale, metallurgica, edilizia edilizia, navigazione e guerra, che alla fine ha portato allo sviluppo di nuove tecnologie, economie e politiche. Il libro indaga come questi progressi nella tecnologia, come l'abbigliamento a cavallo, la freccia, la bussola magnetica, la coltivazione di cotone e seta, la fabbricazione di carta, le armi da fuoco e i numeri arabi, non siano solo il risultato dell'ingegno occidentale, ma piuttosto una sintesi di innovazione da diverse regioni, tra cui Cina, India e Islam.
Das Buch von Francis und Joseph Gies „Domschmiede und Wasserrad: Technik und Erfindung im Mittelalter“ bietet einen umfassenden und detaillierten Bericht über den Aufstieg s zu technologischer Berühmtheit im Mittelalter. Die Autoren bestreiten zwei weit verbreitete Mythen über diese Ära, von denen einer ist, dass in der Renaissance plötzliche und unerwartete Fortschritte gemacht hat, und der andere ist, dass die westliche Vorherrschaft der Grund für seinen Erfolg war. Stattdessen argumentieren sie, dass das mittelalterliche eine allmähliche Entwicklung von Innovationen in der Landwirtschaft, im Handwerk, in der Metallurgie, im Hochbau, in der Schifffahrt und im Krieg durchgemacht habe, was schließlich zur Entwicklung neuer Technologien, Volkswirtschaften und Politiken geführt habe. Das Buch untersucht, wie diese technologischen Fortschritte wie Pferdegeschirr, Steigbügel, Magnetkompass, Baumwoll- und Seidenanbau, Papierherstellung, Schusswaffen und arabische Zahlen nicht ausschließlich das Ergebnis westlichen Einfallsreichtums waren, sondern eine Synthese von Innovationen aus verschiedenen Regionen, darunter China, Indien und der Islam.
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Frances ve Joseph Gies'in "Cathedral Forge and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages" (Katedral Forge ve Waterwheel: Ortaçağda Teknoloji ve Buluş) adlı kitabı, Avrupa'nın ortaçağda teknolojik açıdan öne çıkışının kapsamlı ve ayrıntılı bir açıklamasını sunuyor. Yazarlar, bu dönemle ilgili iki ortak efsaneye itiraz ediyorlar; biri, Avrupa'nın Rönesans döneminde ani ve beklenmedik bir ilerleme yaşadığı ve diğeri de Batı üstünlüğünün başarısının nedeni olduğu. Bunun yerine, ortaçağ Avrupa'sının tarım, işçilik, metalurji, bina inşaatı, navigasyon ve savaşta kademeli bir yenilik evrimi geçirdiğini ve bunun sonunda yeni teknolojilerin, ekonomilerin ve politikaların gelişmesine yol açtığını savunuyorlar. Kitap, at koşum takımı, üzengi, manyetik pusula, pamuk ve ipek ekimi, kağıt yapımı, ateşli silahlar ve Arap rakamları gibi teknolojideki bu ilerlemelerin yalnızca Batı ustalığının bir sonucu değil, Çin, Hindistan ve İslam da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli bölgelerden gelen yeniliklerin bir sentezi olduğunu araştırıyor.
يقدم كتاب فرانسيس وجوزيف جيس «Cathedral Forge and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages» وصفًا شاملاً ومفصلاً لصعود أوروبا إلى الصدارة التكنولوجية في فترة العصور الوسطى. يجادل المؤلفان في خرافتين شائعتين حول هذه الحقبة، إحداهما أن أوروبا شهدت تقدمًا مفاجئًا وغير متوقع خلال عصر النهضة والأخرى أن التفوق الغربي كان سبب نجاحها. وبدلاً من ذلك، يجادلون بأن أوروبا في العصور الوسطى خضعت لتطور تدريجي للابتكار في الزراعة والحرفية وعلم المعادن وبناء المباني والملاحة والحرب، مما أدى في النهاية إلى تطوير تقنيات واقتصادات وسياسات جديدة. يستكشف الكتاب كيف أن هذه التطورات في التكنولوجيا، مثل تسخير الخيول، والركاب، والبوصلة المغناطيسية، وزراعة القطن والحرير، وصناعة الورق، والأسلحة النارية والأرقام العربية، لم تكن نتيجة البراعة الغربية فحسب، بل كانت مجرد تجميع للابتكارات من مختلف المناطق، بما في ذلك الصين والهند والإسلام.

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