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Polycoloniality: European Transactions with Bengal from the 13th to the 19th Century - Saugata Bhaduri September 17, 2020 PDF  BOOKS
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Polycoloniality: European Transactions with Bengal from the 13th to the 19th Century
Author: Saugata Bhaduri
Year: September 17, 2020
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.9 MB
Language: English



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However, this narrow perspective overlooks the fact that multiple European nations, including the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Danish, Germans, Austrians, and Prussians, had simultaneous colonial contact with Bengal from the 16th century. This book, Polycoloniality, seeks to correct this oversight by exploring the activities of these non-British European powers in shaping Bengal's brush with "colonial modernity" before the arrival of the British. Background From the late 13th century, Europeans, primarily Italians, began to arrive in Bengal, marking the beginning of a steady flow of foreign influence in the region. The Portuguese, Dutch, French, and other European powers established colonies, set up universities, and introduced print culture in Bengali. These early European interactions laid the foundation for the modern linguistic, literary, and cultural registers of Bengal. Evolution of Technology The evolution of technology played a crucial role in shaping Bengal's history during this period.
Однако эта узкая перспектива упускает из виду тот факт, что несколько европейских стран, включая португальцев, голландцев, французов, датчан, немцев, австрийцев и пруссаков, имели одновременный колониальный контакт с Бенгалией с XVI века. Эта книга, «Polycoloniality», стремится исправить эту оплошность, исследуя деятельность этих небританских европейских держав в формировании кисти Бенгалии с «колониальной современностью» до прихода британцев. История вопроса С конца XIII века в Бенгалию начали прибывать европейцы, прежде всего итальянцы, что ознаменовало начало устойчивого потока иностранного влияния в регионе. Португальцы, голландцы, французы и другие европейские державы основали колонии, создали университеты и ввели печатную культуру на бенгальском языке. Эти ранние европейские взаимодействия положили начало современным языковым, литературным и культурным регистрам Бенгалии. Эволюция технологий Эволюция технологий сыграла решающую роль в формировании истории Бенгалии в этот период.
Cependant, cette perspective étroite ne tient pas compte du fait que plusieurs pays européens, dont les Portugais, les Hollandais, les Français, les Danois, les Allemands, les Autrichiens et les Prussiens, ont eu un contact colonial simultané avec Bengale depuis le XVIe siècle. Ce livre, Polycoloniality, cherche à corriger cette erreur en examinant les activités de ces puissances européennes non britanniques dans la formation du pinceau du Bengale avec la « modernité coloniale » avant l'arrivée des Britanniques. L'histoire de la question Depuis la fin du XIII siècle, les Européens, en particulier les Italiens, ont commencé à arriver au Bengale, ce qui a marqué le début d'un flux soutenu d'influence étrangère dans la région. s Portugais, les Hollandais, les Français et d'autres puissances européennes ont fondé des colonies, créé des universités et introduit une culture imprimée en bengali. Ces premières interactions européennes ont marqué le début des registres linguistiques, littéraires et culturels modernes du Bengale. L'évolution de la technologie L'évolution de la technologie a joué un rôle décisif dans l'histoire du Bengale au cours de cette période.
n embargo, esta estrecha perspectiva pasa por alto el hecho de que varios países europeos, entre ellos portugueses, holandeses, franceses, daneses, alemanes, austríacos y prusianos, han tenido contacto colonial simultáneo con Bengala desde el siglo XVI. Este libro, «Polycoloniality», busca corregir este descuido explorando las actividades de estas potencias europeas no británicas en la formación del cepillo de Bengala con «modernidad colonial» antes de la llegada de los británicos. Historia de la cuestión Desde finales del siglo XIII comenzaron a llegar a Bengala europeos, sobre todo italianos, que marcaron el inicio de un flujo constante de influencia extranjera en la región. Portugueses, holandeses, franceses y otras potencias europeas fundaron colonias, crearon universidades e introdujeron la cultura impresa en bengalí. Estas primeras interacciones europeas marcaron el inicio de los registros lingüísticos, literarios y culturales modernos de Bengala. Evolución de la tecnología La evolución de la tecnología jugó un papel crucial en la formación de la historia de Bengala durante este período.
No entanto, esta perspectiva estreita deixa escapar o fato de que vários países europeus, incluindo portugueses, holandeses, franceses, dinamarqueses, alemães, austríacos e prussianos, tiveram contato colonial simultâneo com Bengala desde o século XVIII. Este livro, «Polycoloniality», procura corrigir essa falha, explorando as atividades dessas potências europeias não-ríticas na formação do pincel bengalês com a «modernidade colonial» antes da chegada dos britânicos. Desde o final do século XIII, os europeus começaram a chegar a Bengala, sobretudo os italianos, marcando o início de um fluxo sustentável de influência estrangeira na região. Portugueses, holandeses, franceses e outras potências europeias fundaram colônias, estabeleceram universidades e introduziram a cultura impressa em bengala. Estas primeiras interações europeias deram início aos registos linguísticos, literários e culturais modernos da Bengala. Evolução da tecnologia A evolução da tecnologia foi crucial para a formação da história da Bengala durante este período.
Tuttavia, questa stretta prospettiva lascia perdere il fatto che diversi paesi europei, tra cui portoghesi, olandesi, francesi, danesi, tedeschi, austriaci e prussiani, hanno avuto un contatto coloniale simultaneo con Bengala dal XVI secolo. Questo libro, Polycoloniality, cerca di correggere questo errore, esplorando le attività di queste potenze europee non ritiche nella formazione del pennello Bengala con la «modernità coloniale» prima dell'arrivo degli inglesi. La storia della questione Dalla fine del XIII secolo, gli europei, soprattutto gli italiani, hanno iniziato ad arrivare in Bengala, segnando l'inizio di un flusso costante di influenza straniera nella regione. Portoghesi, olandesi, francesi e altre potenze europee hanno fondato colonie, creato università e introdotto la cultura stampata in bengalese. Queste prime interazioni europee hanno dato il via ai registri linguistici, letterari e culturali moderni del Bengala. Evoluzione della tecnologia L'evoluzione della tecnologia ha avuto un ruolo cruciale nella formazione della storia di Bengala in questo periodo.
Diese enge Perspektive übersieht jedoch, dass mehrere europäische Länder, darunter Portugiesen, Niederländer, Franzosen, Dänen, Deutsche, Österreicher und Preußen, seit dem 16. Jahrhundert gleichzeitig kolonialen Kontakt mit Bengalen hatten. Dieses Buch, Polycoloniality, versucht, diesen Fehltritt zu korrigieren, indem es die Aktivitäten dieser nicht-britischen europäischen Mächte bei der Bildung des Pinsels von Bengalen mit der „kolonialen Moderne“ vor der Ankunft der Briten untersucht. Seit dem Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts begannen Europäer, vor allem Italiener, nach Bengalen zu kommen, was den Beginn eines stetigen Flusses ausländischer Einflüsse in der Region markierte. Portugiesen, Niederländer, Franzosen und andere europäische Mächte gründeten Kolonien, gründeten Universitäten und führten die Printkultur in Bengali ein. Diese frühen europäischen Interaktionen legten den Grundstein für die modernen sprachlichen, literarischen und kulturellen Register Bengalens. Evolution der Technologie Die Evolution der Technologie hat die Geschichte von Bengalen in dieser Zeit entscheidend mitgeprägt.
Jednak ta wąska perspektywa pomija fakt, że kilka krajów europejskich, w tym Portugalczycy, Holendrzy, Francuzi, Duńczycy, Niemcy, Austriacy i Prusowie, utrzymują równoczesny kontakt kolonialny z Bengalem od XVI wieku. Ta książka, „Polikolonialność”, zmierza do skorygowania tego nadzoru poprzez zbadanie działalności tych nie-brytyjskich mocarstw europejskich w kształtowaniu pędzla Bengalu z „kolonialną nowoczesnością” przed przybyciem Brytyjczyków. Historia tego zagadnienia Od końca XIII wieku Europejczycy, przede wszystkim Włosi, zaczęli przybywać do Bengalu, co było początkiem stałego przepływu zagranicznych wpływów w regionie. Portugalskie, holenderskie, francuskie i inne europejskie mocarstwa założyły kolonie, założyły uniwersytety i wprowadziły kulturę druku w Bengali. Te wczesne europejskie interakcje doprowadziły do powstania nowoczesnych rejestrów językowych, literackich i kulturowych Bengalu. Ewolucja technologii Ewolucja technologii odegrała kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu historii Bengalu w tym okresie.
עם זאת, נקודת מבט צרה זו מתעלמת מהעובדה שכמה מדינות אירופאיות, כולל הפורטוגזים, ההולנדים, הצרפתים, הדנים, הגרמנים, האוסטרים והפרוסים, מקיימות קשר קולוניאלי סימולטני עם בנגל מאז המאה ה-16. ספר זה, Polycoloniality, מבקש לתקן פיקוח זה על ידי בחינת פעילותן של מעצמות אירופאיות לא בריטיות אלה בעיצוב המכחול של בנגל עם ”מודרניות קולוניאלית” לפני הגעת הבריטים. מאז סוף המאה ה-13 החלו האירופאים, בעיקר איטלקים, להגיע לבנגל, מה שסימן את תחילתה של זרימה יציבה של השפעה זרה באזור. המעצמות הפורטוגזיות, ההולנדיות, הצרפתיות והאירופאיות הקימו מושבות, הקימו אוניברסיטאות והציגו תרבות דפוס בבנגלית. אינטראקציות אירופאיות מוקדמות אלה הביאו לעלייה בשפה המודרנית, בספרות ובתרבות של בנגל. לאבולוציה של הטכנולוגיה היה תפקיד מכריע בעיצוב ההיסטוריה של בנגל בתקופה זו.''
Bununla birlikte, bu dar bakış açısı, Portekizliler, Hollandalılar, Fransızlar, Danimarkalılar, Almanlar, Avusturyalılar ve Prusyalılar da dahil olmak üzere birçok Avrupa ülkesinin 16. yüzyıldan beri Bengal ile eşzamanlı sömürge temasına sahip olduğu gerçeğini göz ardı etmektedir. Bu kitap, "Polikolonyalite", İngilizlerin gelişinden önce bu İngiliz olmayan Avrupalı güçlerin Bengal fırçasını "sömürgeci modernite'ile şekillendirmedeki faaliyetlerini inceleyerek bu gözetimi düzeltmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 13. yüzyılın sonundan bu yana, başta İtalyanlar olmak üzere Avrupalılar, bölgede sürekli bir yabancı etki akışının başlangıcına işaret eden Bengal'e gelmeye başladı. Portekiz, Hollanda, Fransa ve diğer Avrupalı güçler koloniler kurdular, üniversiteler kurdular ve Bengalce baskı kültürünü tanıttılar. Bu erken Avrupa etkileşimleri, Bengal'in modern dil, edebi ve kültürel kayıtlarına yol açtı. Teknolojinin Evrimi Teknolojinin evrimi, bu dönemde Bengal'in tarihini şekillendirmede çok önemli bir rol oynamıştır.
ومع ذلك، فإن هذا المنظور الضيق يتجاهل حقيقة أن العديد من البلدان الأوروبية، بما في ذلك البرتغالية والهولندية والفرنسية والدنماركية والألمانية والنمساوية والبروسية، كان لها اتصال استعماري متزامن مع البنغال منذ القرن السادس عشر. يسعى هذا الكتاب، «الاستعمار»، إلى تصحيح هذا الإشراف من خلال فحص أنشطة هذه القوى الأوروبية غير البريطانية في تشكيل فرشاة البنغال بـ «الحداثة الاستعمارية» قبل وصول البريطانيين. تاريخ القضية منذ نهاية القرن الثالث عشر، بدأ الأوروبيون، وخاصة الإيطاليون، في الوصول إلى البنغال، مما يمثل بداية تدفق مستمر للنفوذ الأجنبي في المنطقة. أنشأت القوى البرتغالية والهولندية والفرنسية وغيرها من القوى الأوروبية مستعمرات وأنشأت جامعات وأدخلت ثقافة الطباعة باللغة البنغالية. أدت هذه التفاعلات الأوروبية المبكرة إلى ظهور اللغة الحديثة والسجلات الأدبية والثقافية للبنغال. تطور التكنولوجيا لعب تطور التكنولوجيا دورا حاسما في تشكيل تاريخ البنغال خلال هذه الفترة.

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