BOOKS - A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy - Anna Harvey November 28, 2013 PDF  BOOKS
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A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy
Author: Anna Harvey
Year: November 28, 2013
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.5 MB
Language: English



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A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy In her groundbreaking new work, "A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy Anna Harvey challenges the conventional wisdom that the Supreme Court is an independent institution that protects individual rights and liberties. Instead, she argues that the Court is, in fact, extraordinarily deferential to congressional preferences in its constitutional rulings. Through cross-national analysis, Harvey shows that the rights protections enjoyed in the United States are largely due to the lack of an independent judiciary, and that prohibiting federal courts from exercising judicial review would likely lead to even greater protections for political and economic rights. This finding suggests that constitutional designers should heed Thomas Jefferson's advice to let mercy be the character of the lawgiver, but let the judge be a mere machine.
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy В своей новаторской работе «A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy» Анна Харви бросает вызов общепринятому мнению, что Верховный суд является независимым институтом, который защищает права и свободы личности. Вместо этого она утверждает, что Суд, на самом деле, чрезвычайно уважает предпочтения Конгресса в своих конституционных решениях. С помощью межнационального анализа Харви показывает, что защита прав, которой пользуются в Соединенных Штатах, в значительной степени связана с отсутствием независимой судебной системы, и что запрещение федеральным судам осуществлять судебный контроль, вероятно, приведет к еще большей защите политических и экономических прав. Этот вывод предполагает, что разработчики конституции должны прислушаться к совету Томаса Джефферсона позволить милосердию быть характером законодателя, но позволить судье быть просто машиной.
A Mere Machine : The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy Dans son travail novateur « A Mere Machine : The Supreme Court, Congress and American Democracy » Anna Harvey récuse il est généralement admis que la Cour suprême est une institution indépendante qui protège les droits et libertés de la personne. Elle soutient plutôt que la Cour respecte en fait extrêmement les préférences du Congrès dans ses décisions constitutionnelles. L'analyse interethnique de Harvey montre que la protection des droits dont jouissent les États-Unis est en grande partie liée à l'absence d'un système judiciaire indépendant et que l'interdiction faite aux tribunaux fédéraux d'exercer un contrôle judiciaire est susceptible d'accroître la protection des droits politiques et économiques. Cette conclusion suggère que les rédacteurs de la Constitution doivent écouter les conseils de Thomas Jefferson de laisser la miséricorde être le caractère du législateur, mais de laisser le juge être juste une machine.
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy En su obra pionera «A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy» Anna Harvey desafía la creencia generalmente aceptada de que la Corte Suprema es una institución independiente que protege los derechos y libertades individuales. En cambio, sostiene que la Corte, de hecho, respeta enormemente las preferencias del Congreso en sus decisiones constitucionales. A través de un análisis interétnico, Harvey muestra que la protección de los derechos que se disfrutan en los Estados Unidos se debe en gran medida a la falta de un sistema judicial independiente, y que es probable que la prohibición de los tribunales federales de ejercer el control judicial conduzca a una protección aún mayor de los derechos políticos y económicos. Esta conclusión sugiere que los redactores de la constitución deben escuchar el consejo de Thomas Jefferson de permitir que la misericordia sea el carácter del legislador, pero dejar que el juez sea simplemente una máquina.
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Corte, Congress, and American Democracy Em seu trabalho inovador, «A Mere Machine: The Supreme Curt, Congress, and American Democracy», Anna Harvey desafia a opinião convencional de que o Supremo Supremo o tribunal é uma instituição independente que protege os direitos e as liberdades individuais. Em vez disso, ela afirma que a Corte, na verdade, respeita extremamente as preferências do Congresso em suas decisões constitucionais. Através de análises entre as nações, Harvey mostra que a proteção dos direitos dos Estados Unidos deve-se, em grande medida, à falta de um sistema judicial independente, e que proibir os tribunais federais de exercer o controle judicial provavelmente irá proteger ainda mais os direitos políticos e econômicos. Esta conclusão sugere que os formuladores de constituição devem ouvir o conselho de Thomas Jefferson para permitir que a misericórdia seja o caráter do legislador, mas permitir que o juiz seja apenas uma máquina.
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy Nel suo lavoro innovativo, «A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy», Anna Harvey sfida l'opinione comune che la Suprema la Corte è un'istituzione indipendente che tutela i diritti e le libertà della persona. Invece sostiene che la Corte, in realtà, rispetta enormemente le preferenze del Congresso nelle sue decisioni costituzionali. Attraverso un'analisi interistituzionale, Harvey ha dimostrato che la tutela dei diritti goduti negli Stati Uniti è in gran parte legata all'assenza di un sistema giudiziario indipendente, e che vietare ai tribunali federali di esercitare il controllo giudiziario potrebbe portare a una maggiore tutela dei diritti politici ed economici. Questa conclusione suggerisce che gli sviluppatori della Costituzione dovrebbero ascoltare il consiglio di Thomas Jefferson di lasciare che la misericordia sia il carattere del legislatore, ma lasciare che il giudice sia solo una macchina.
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy In ihrer bahnbrechenden Arbeit „A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy“ stellt Anna Harvey die konventionelle Ansicht in Frage, dass der Supreme Court eine unabhängige Institution ist, die schützt die Rechte und Freiheiten des Einzelnen. Stattdessen argumentiert sie, dass der Gerichtshof in der Tat die Präferenzen des Kongresses in seinen Verfassungsentscheidungen außerordentlich respektiert. Durch eine länderübergreifende Analyse zeigt Harvey, dass der Schutz der Rechte, die in den Vereinigten Staaten genossen werden, weitgehend auf das Fehlen einer unabhängigen Justiz zurückzuführen ist und dass ein Verbot der gerichtlichen Kontrolle durch Bundesgerichte wahrscheinlich zu einem noch stärkeren Schutz der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Rechte führen wird. Diese Schlussfolgerung legt nahe, dass die Verfasser der Verfassung den Rat von Thomas Jefferson beherzigen sollten, Barmherzigkeit den Charakter des Gesetzgebers sein zu lassen, aber den Richter nur eine Maschine sein zu lassen.
Zwykła maszyna: Sąd Najwyższy, Kongres i Demokracja Amerykańska W swojej przełomowej pracy „Zwykła maszyna: Sąd Najwyższy, Kongres i Demokracja Amerykańska”, Anna Harvey kwestionuje konwencjonalną mądrość, że Sąd Najwyższy jest niezależną instytucją, która chroni indywidualne prawa i wolności. Twierdzi natomiast, że Trybunał w istocie szanuje w swoich decyzjach konstytucyjnych największe preferencje kongresowe. Dzięki analizie ponadnarodowej Harvey pokazuje, że ochrona praw przysługujących w Stanach Zjednoczonych wynika w dużej mierze z braku niezależnego sądownictwa i że zakazanie sądom federalnym sprawowania kontroli sądowej może skutkować jeszcze większą ochroną praw politycznych i gospodarczych. To stwierdzenie sugeruje, że konstruktorzy konstytucji powinni słuchać rady Thomasa Jeffersona, aby pozwolić miłosierdziu być charakterem prawodawcy, ale pozwolić sędziemu być tylko maszyną.
A Mere Machine: בית המשפט העליון, הקונגרס והדמוקרטיה האמריקאית בעבודתה פורצת הדרך ”A Mere Machine: The Extreme, Congress, and American Democracy”, אנה הרווי קוראת תיגר על החוכמה המקובלת שבית המשפט העליון הוא מוסד עצמאי המגן על זכויות הפרט וחירויות. תחת זאת, היא טוענת שבית המשפט רוחש כבוד רב להעדפות הקונגרס בהחלטותיו החוקתיות. באמצעות ניתוח חוצה-לאומי, הרווי מראה כי ההגנה על זכויות הנהנות בארצות הברית נובעת במידה רבה מהיעדר משפט עצמאי, וכי איסור על בתי משפט פדרליים להפעיל שליטה שיפוטית עלול לגרום להגנה גדולה יותר של זכויות פוליטיות וכלכליות. ממצא זה מצביע על כך שהמייסדים של החוקה צריכים להישמע לעצתו של תומאס ג 'פרסון לאפשר לרחמים להיות אופי של מחוקק, אבל לאפשר לשופט להיות רק מכונה.''
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy Anna Harvey, "A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy'adlı çığır açan çalışmasında, Yüksek Mahkeme'nin bireysel hak ve özgürlükleri koruyan bağımsız bir kurum olduğu yönündeki geleneksel düşünceye meydan okuyor. Bunun yerine, Mahkemenin, aslında, anayasal kararlarında kongre tercihlerine büyük saygı duyduğunu savunuyor. Harvey, uluslararası analizler yoluyla, Birleşik Devletler'de yararlanılan hakların korunmasının büyük ölçüde bağımsız bir yargı eksikliğinden kaynaklandığını ve federal mahkemelerin adli kontrol uygulamasını yasaklamanın siyasi ve ekonomik hakların daha fazla korunmasına neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, anayasanın kurucularının Thomas Jefferson'un merhametin bir yasa koyucunun karakteri olmasına izin verme tavsiyesine kulak vermesi gerektiğini, ancak bir yargıcın sadece bir makine olmasına izin vermesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.
مجرد آلة: المحكمة العليا والكونغرس والديمقراطية الأمريكية في عملها الرائد «مجرد آلة: المحكمة العليا والكونغرس والديمقراطية الأمريكية»، تتحدى آنا هارفي الحكمة التقليدية القائلة بأن المحكمة العليا هي مؤسسة مستقلة تحمي الحقوق والحريات الفردية. وبدلاً من ذلك، تجادل بأن المحكمة، في الواقع، تحترم إلى أقصى حد تفضيلات الكونغرس في قراراتها الدستورية. من خلال التحليل عبر الوطني، يوضح هارفي أن حماية الحقوق التي تتمتع بها الولايات المتحدة ترجع إلى حد كبير إلى عدم وجود قضاء مستقل، وأن حظر المحاكم الفيدرالية من ممارسة الرقابة القضائية من المرجح أن يؤدي إلى حماية أكبر للحقوق السياسية والاقتصادية. تشير هذه النتيجة إلى أن واضعي الدستور يجب أن يستجيبوا لنصيحة توماس جيفرسون للسماح للرحمة بأن تكون شخصية المشرع، ولكن السماح للقاضي بأن يكون مجرد آلة.
A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy Anna Harvey在她的開創性作品《A Mere Machine: The Supreme Court, Congress, and American Democracy》對傳統觀點的質疑,即最高法院是一個保護個人權利和自由的獨立機構。相反,她辯稱,法院實際上在其憲法裁決中極為尊重國會的偏好。通過跨國分析,哈維表明,保護美國享有的權利在很大程度上與缺乏獨立的司法系統有關,並且禁止聯邦法院進行司法審查可能會導致對政治和經濟權利的進一步保護。這一結論表明,憲法制定者應聽取托馬斯·傑斐遜(Thomas Jefferson)的建議,允許憐憫成為立法者的性格,但允許法官只是機器。

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