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Women and the Birth of Russian Capitalism A History of the Shuttle Trade -  2014 PDF Northern Illinois University Press BOOKS HISTORY
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Women and the Birth of Russian Capitalism A History of the Shuttle Trade
Year: 2014
Format: PDF
File size: 10,9 MB
Language: ENG



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The book Women and the Birth of Russian Capitalism: A History of the Shuttle Trade by Elena Mukhina provides a comprehensive overview of the role of women in the development of capitalism in Russia during the 18th and 19th centuries. The author examines the reasons why women were drawn to the shuttle trade, a lucrative and risky form of commerce that involved transporting goods across long distances on horseback or in carts. Through a detailed analysis of historical records and primary sources, Mukhina reveals the diverse range of personal experiences of female shuttle traders and the significant social impact of their involvement in this economic activity. The book begins with an introduction to the shuttle trade and its importance in the Russian economy during the 18th and 19th centuries. Mukhina explains how the trade was dominated by men, but women also played a crucial role in its development. She highlights the challenges faced by women who engaged in the trade, including social stigma, legal restrictions, and economic risks. Despite these obstacles, many women found success in the shuttle trade, and their contributions helped shape the course of Russian history. Mukhina then delves into the lives of individual female shuttle traders, exploring their motivations, strategies, and experiences. She examines the various ways in which women became involved in the trade, such as through inheritance, marriage, or entrepreneurship. She also discusses the different types of goods that women traded, including textiles, grains, and other commodities. Through these stories, Mukhina shows how women's participation in the shuttle trade contributed to the growth of capitalism in Russia and helped create a more diverse and dynamic economy. One of the central themes of the book is the need to study and understand the process of technological evolution.
Книга Елены Мухиной «Женщины и рождение российского капитализма: история челночной торговли» дает исчерпывающий обзор роли женщин в развитии капитализма в России в XVIII и XIX веках. Автор рассматривает причины, по которым женщины были втянуты в челночную торговлю, прибыльную и рискованную форму торговли, которая включала перевозку товаров на большие расстояния верхом на лошадях или на повозках. Благодаря детальному анализу исторических записей и первоисточников Мухина раскрывает разнообразный спектр личного опыта женщин-челночниц и значительное социальное влияние их участия в этой экономической деятельности. Книга начинается с введения в челночную торговлю и её значение в экономике России в течение XVIII и XIX веков. Мухина объясняет, как в торговле доминировали мужчины, но важнейшую роль в ее развитии сыграли и женщины. Она подчеркивает проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются женщины, занимающиеся торговлей, включая социальную стигму, правовые ограничения и экономические риски. Несмотря на эти препятствия, многие женщины нашли успех в челночной торговле, а их вклад помог сформировать ход российской истории. Затем Мухина углубляется в жизнь отдельных женщин-челночниц, исследуя их мотивации, стратегии и опыт. Она исследует различные способы вовлечения женщин в торговлю, например, через наследование, брак или предпринимательство. Она также обсуждает различные виды товаров, которыми торговали женщины, включая текстиль, зерно и другие товары. Через эти истории Мухина показывает, как участие женщин в челночной торговле способствовало росту капитализма в России и помогло создать более разнообразную и динамичную экономику. Одна из центральных тем книги - необходимость изучения и понимания процесса технологической эволюции.
livre d'Elena Mukhina, « s femmes et la naissance du capitalisme russe : l'histoire du commerce en navette », donne un aperçu complet du rôle des femmes dans le développement du capitalisme en Russie aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. L'auteur examine les raisons pour lesquelles les femmes ont été impliquées dans le commerce en navette, une forme rentable et risquée de commerce qui comprenait le transport de marchandises sur de longues distances à cheval ou en chariot. Grâce à une analyse détaillée des dossiers historiques et des sources primaires, Muhina révèle la diversité des expériences personnelles des navettes et l'impact social considérable de leur participation à cette activité économique. livre commence par l'introduction dans le commerce navette et son importance dans l'économie de la Russie au cours des XVIII et XIXe siècles. Muhina explique comment le commerce était dominé par les hommes, mais les femmes ont également joué un rôle essentiel dans son développement. Elle souligne les problèmes auxquels sont confrontées les femmes commerciales, notamment la stigmatisation sociale, les contraintes juridiques et les risques économiques. Malgré ces obstacles, de nombreuses femmes ont trouvé le succès dans le commerce en navette et leur contribution a contribué à façonner le cours de l'histoire russe. Ensuite, Muhina explore la vie des femmes navettes individuelles en explorant leurs motivations, stratégies et expériences. Elle explore différentes façons d'impliquer les femmes dans le commerce, par exemple par l'héritage, le mariage ou l'entreprenariat. Elle discute également des différents types de marchandises vendues par les femmes, y compris les textiles, les céréales et d'autres produits. À travers ces histoires, Mukhina montre comment la participation des femmes au commerce en navette a contribué à la croissance du capitalisme en Russie et a contribué à créer une économie plus diversifiée et plus dynamique. L'un des thèmes centraux du livre est la nécessité d'étudier et de comprendre le processus d'évolution technologique.
libro de Elena Mukhina, « mujeres y el nacimiento del capitalismo ruso: la historia del comercio itinerante», ofrece un panorama exhaustivo del papel de la mujer en el desarrollo del capitalismo en Rusia en los siglos XVIII y XIX. La autora examina las razones por las que las mujeres fueron arrastradas al comercio de lanzaderas, una forma lucrativa y arriesgada de comercio que incluía el transporte de mercancías a larga distancia a caballo o en carros. A través de un análisis detallado de los registros históricos y las fuentes originales, Mujina revela una variedad de experiencias personales de las mujeres lanzaderas y el impacto social significativo de su participación en esta actividad económica. libro comienza con una introducción al comercio de transbordadores y su importancia en la economía de Rusia durante los siglos XVIII y XIX. Mujina explica cómo el comercio fue dominado por los hombres, pero las mujeres también jugaron un papel crucial en su desarrollo. Destaca los problemas a los que se enfrentan las mujeres que se dedican al comercio, incluidos el estigma social, las restricciones legales y los riesgos económicos. A pesar de estos obstáculos, muchas mujeres encontraron éxito en el comercio de transbordadores, y sus contribuciones ayudaron a dar forma al curso de la historia rusa. Luego, Mujina profundiza en la vida de las lanzaderas individuales, investigando sus motivaciones, estrategias y experiencias. Explora diferentes formas de involucrar a las mujeres en el comercio, por ejemplo, a través de la herencia, el matrimonio o el emprendimiento. También discute los diferentes tipos de productos que las mujeres han comercializado, incluyendo textiles, granos y otros productos. A través de estas historias, Mujina muestra cómo la participación de las mujeres en el comercio de transbordadores contribuyó al crecimiento del capitalismo en Rusia y ayudó a crear una economía más diversa y dinámica. Uno de los temas centrales del libro es la necesidad de estudiar y entender el proceso de evolución tecnológica.
O livro de Yelena Mukhina «Mulheres e nascimento do capitalismo russo: história do tráfico de pessoas» oferece uma visão abrangente do papel das mulheres no desenvolvimento do capitalismo na Rússia nos séculos XVIII e XIX. A autora considera as razões pelas quais as mulheres foram arrastadas para o comércio, uma forma lucrativa e arriscada de comércio, que incluiu o transporte de mercadorias por longas distâncias a cavalo ou em carruagens. Através de uma análise detalhada dos registros históricos e das fontes primárias, Mukhina revela uma variedade de experiências pessoais de mulheres viajantes e o impacto social significativo de sua participação nesta atividade econômica. O livro começa com a introdução no comércio e sua importância na economia russa durante os séculos XVIII e XIX. Mukhina explica como o tráfico foi dominado pelos homens, mas as mulheres também desempenharam um papel crucial no seu desenvolvimento. Ela ressalta os desafios que enfrentam as mulheres no comércio, incluindo o estigma social, as limitações legais e os riscos econômicos. Apesar desses obstáculos, muitas mulheres tiveram sucesso com o comércio, e suas contribuições ajudaram a moldar o rumo da história russa. Em seguida, Mukhina se aprofundou na vida de mulheres nômades, explorando suas motivações, estratégias e experiências. Ela pesquisa várias formas de envolver as mulheres no comércio, como herança, casamento ou empreendedorismo. Ela também discute vários tipos de produtos comercializados pelas mulheres, incluindo têxteis, cereais e outros produtos. Através dessas histórias, Mukhina mostra como a participação feminina no tráfico de pessoas contribuiu para o aumento do capitalismo na Rússia e ajudou a criar uma economia mais diversificada e dinâmica. Um dos temas centrais do livro é a necessidade de explorar e compreender o processo de evolução tecnológica.
Il libro di Elena Mukhina, « donne e la nascita del capitalismo russo: storia del commercio navale», fornisce una panoramica completa del ruolo delle donne nello sviluppo del capitalismo in Russia nel XVIII e XIX secolo. L'autrice affronta le ragioni per cui le donne sono state coinvolte nel commercio navetta, una forma redditizia e rischiosa di commercio, che includeva il trasporto di merci su lunghe distanze a cavallo o su carri. Attraverso un'analisi dettagliata dei registri storici e delle prime fonti, Mukhin rivela una varietà di esperienze personali di donne navette e l'impatto sociale significativo della loro partecipazione a queste attività economiche. Il libro inizia con l'introduzione nel commercio navetta e la sua importanza nell'economia russa nel XVIII e XIX secolo. Mukhina spiega come il commercio sia stato dominato dagli uomini, ma anche le donne hanno avuto un ruolo fondamentale nello sviluppo. Sottolinea i problemi che affrontano le donne che si occupano di commercio, tra cui lo stigma sociale, i limiti legali e i rischi economici. Nonostante questi ostacoli, molte donne hanno trovato successo nel commercio navetta, e il loro contributo ha contribuito a formare il corso della storia russa. Poi Mukhina approfondisce la vita di singole donne navetta, esplorando le loro motivazioni, strategie ed esperienze. Sta esplorando diversi modi per coinvolgere le donne nel commercio, come l'eredità, il matrimonio o l'imprenditoria. Parla anche di diversi tipi di beni che le donne commerciavano, tra cui tessili, cereali e altri beni. Attraverso queste storie, Mukhin dimostra come la partecipazione delle donne al commercio navetta abbia contribuito alla crescita del capitalismo in Russia e contribuito a creare un'economia più variegata e dinamica. Uno dei temi principali del libro è la necessità di studiare e comprendere l'evoluzione tecnologica.
Das Buch von Elena Mukhina „Frauen und die Geburt des russischen Kapitalismus: Die Geschichte des Shuttle-Handels“ gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die Rolle der Frauen bei der Entwicklung des Kapitalismus in Russland im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Der Autor untersucht die Gründe, warum Frauen in den Shuttle-Handel gezogen wurden, eine lukrative und riskante Form des Handels, die den Transport von Waren über weite Strecken auf Pferden oder Karren beinhaltete. Durch eine detaillierte Analyse der historischen Aufzeichnungen und Primärquellen zeigt Mukhina die vielfältigen persönlichen Erfahrungen von Shuttle-Frauen und die erheblichen sozialen Auswirkungen ihrer Teilnahme an dieser wirtschaftlichen Aktivität. Das Buch beginnt mit einer Einführung in den Shuttle-Handel und seine Bedeutung in der russischen Wirtschaft während des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts. Mukhina erklärt, wie der Handel von Männern dominiert wurde, aber auch Frauen spielten eine entscheidende Rolle bei seiner Entwicklung. e betont die Herausforderungen, denen Frauen im Handel gegenüberstehen, einschließlich sozialer Stigmatisierung, rechtlicher Beschränkungen und wirtschaftlicher Risiken. Trotz dieser Hindernisse haben viele Frauen Erfolg im Shuttle-Handel gefunden, und ihre Beiträge haben den Verlauf der russischen Geschichte mitgeprägt. Dann taucht Mukhina tief in das ben einzelner Shuttle-Frauen ein und erforscht ihre Motivationen, Strategien und Erfahrungen. e erforscht verschiedene Möglichkeiten, Frauen in den Handel einzubinden, etwa durch Erbschaft, Ehe oder Unternehmertum. e diskutiert auch die verschiedenen Arten von Waren, die Frauen gehandelt haben, darunter Textilien, Getreide und andere Waren. Durch diese Geschichten zeigt Mukhina, wie die Beteiligung von Frauen am Shuttle-Handel zum Aufstieg des Kapitalismus in Russland beigetragen und dazu beigetragen hat, eine vielfältigere und dynamischere Wirtschaft zu schaffen. Eines der zentralen Themen des Buches ist die Notwendigkeit, den Prozess der technologischen Evolution zu studieren und zu verstehen.
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Elena Mukhina'nın "Women and the Birth of Russian Capitalism: The History of Shuttle Trade'adlı kitabı, 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Rusya'da kapitalizmin gelişmesinde kadınların rolüne dair kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunuyor. Yazar, kadınların, malların at sırtında veya vagonla uzun mesafelere taşınmasını içeren kazançlı ve riskli bir ticaret şekli olan mekik ticaretine çekilmesinin nedenlerini inceliyor. Tarihsel kayıtların ve birincil kaynakların ayrıntılı analiziyle Mukhina, mekik kadınlarının çeşitli kişisel deneyimlerini ve bu ekonomik faaliyete katılımlarının önemli sosyal etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Kitap, mekik ticaretinin tanıtımı ve 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Rus ekonomisindeki önemi ile başlıyor. Mukhina, erkeklerin ticarete nasıl hakim olduğunu açıklıyor, ancak kadınlar da gelişiminde çok önemli bir rol oynadı. Sosyal damgalanma, yasal kısıtlamalar ve ekonomik riskler de dahil olmak üzere kadınların ticarette karşılaştığı zorlukları vurgulamaktadır. Bu engellere rağmen, birçok kadın mekik ticaretinde başarı elde etti ve katkıları Rus tarihinin gidişatını şekillendirmeye yardımcı oldu. Mukhina daha sonra bireysel mekik kadınlarının hayatlarına girerek motivasyonlarını, stratejilerini ve deneyimlerini araştırıyor. Kadınları miras, evlilik veya girişimcilik gibi ticarete dahil etmenin farklı yollarını araştırıyor. Ayrıca tekstil, tahıl ve diğer mallar da dahil olmak üzere kadınlar tarafından ticareti yapılan farklı mal türlerini tartışıyor. Bu hikayeler aracılığıyla Mukhina, mekik ticaretine kadınların katılımının Rusya'da kapitalizmin büyümesine nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu ve daha çeşitli ve dinamik bir ekonomi yaratmaya nasıl yardımcı olduğunu gösteriyor. Kitabın ana temalarından biri, teknolojik evrim sürecini inceleme ve anlama ihtiyacıdır.

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